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一、知識(shí)梳理
Step 1 簡(jiǎn)單句學(xué)習(xí)
簡(jiǎn)單句是指只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，句子成分是由單詞和短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?。其中每個(gè)主語(yǔ)或是謂語(yǔ)可以由并列連詞連接的成分來(lái)充當(dāng)，而且也可以有修飾語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)句子里可以出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或更多并列的主語(yǔ)共同使用一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，或一個(gè)主語(yǔ)后面接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)，或者兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)后面接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，都可稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型：
1、S(主）?+ Vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂語(yǔ)）?——→主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
例如：Time flies.
1）S + V + 副詞（狀語(yǔ)）
例如：Birds sing beautifully.
2）S + Vi + 介詞短語(yǔ)（狀語(yǔ)）
例如：He went on holiday.
3）S + Vi + 不定式（狀語(yǔ)）
例如：We stopped to have a rest.
4）S + Vi + 分詞（狀語(yǔ)）
例如：I'll go swimming.
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2、S (主）+ Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂語(yǔ)）+ O（賓語(yǔ)）——→主動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)
例如：We like English.
1）S + Vt + 名詞/代詞
例如：I like music.
2）S + Vt + 不定式?
例如：I want to help him.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。?
3）S + Vt + 疑問(wèn)詞?+ 不定式?
例如：I don't know what to do.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, decide, find out, forget, ?know等。?
4）S + Vt + 動(dòng)名詞
例如：I enjoy living here.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：?advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。?
5）S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)從句
例如：I don't think (that) he is right.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：?hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。?
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3、S (主）+ V（謂語(yǔ)）( 系動(dòng)詞）+ P（表語(yǔ)）——→主系表結(jié)構(gòu)
例如：We are Chinese.
[說(shuō)明] Ⅰ.除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，①表感官的動(dòng)詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, seem 等。②表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。?③表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞?keep, seem等。④表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞?come, fall等。?
??????????Ⅱ.表語(yǔ)也就是主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1）S + V + 名詞/代詞?
例如：He is a boy.
2）S + V + 形容詞?
例如：She is beautiful.
3）S + V + Adv 副詞?
例如：Class is over.
4）S + V + 介詞短語(yǔ)
例如：He is in good health.
5）S + V+ 分詞
例如：He is excited. ?
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4、S (主）+ Vt（謂語(yǔ)）+ I O（間接賓語(yǔ)）+ D O（直接賓語(yǔ)）—→主動(dòng)雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)?
例如：I give you help.
1）S + Vt + 間接賓語(yǔ)?+ 直接賓語(yǔ)?
例如：I sent him a book. ?
2）S + Vt + 直接賓語(yǔ)+ To/for + 間接賓語(yǔ)?
例如：He sent a book to me. ?
[說(shuō)明] ①間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有：?bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。?
②間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：?buy, get, make 等。?
【難點(diǎn)】
5、S (主）+ Vt（謂語(yǔ)）+ O（賓語(yǔ)）?+ O C（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）——→主動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
例如：I make you clear.
[強(qiáng)調(diào)]賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間通常具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。
1）S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)?+ 名詞?
例如：We named our baby Tom.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：call, find, make, name等。?
2）S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)?+ 形容詞?
例如：He painted the wall white.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash等。?
3）S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)?+ 介詞短語(yǔ)
例如：She always keeps everything in good order.
4）S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)?+ 不定式
例如：I wish you to stay. ??
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：①不定式帶to的詞：?ask, invite, tell, want, warn, wish等。②不定式不帶to的詞：have, know, let, make, notice, see, watch等。?
5）S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)?+ 分詞?
例如：I heard my name called（表示被動(dòng)）.
I feel something moving（表示進(jìn)行）.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：?notice, observe, see, watch等。?
6）S + Vt + 賓語(yǔ)?+ 疑問(wèn)詞?+ 不定式
例如：He show me how to do it.
[說(shuō)明] 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, show, teach, tell等。
五種基本句型的推導(dǎo)：
1) 英語(yǔ)句子必須有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
他像他爸爸。He is like his father. ???這本書值得一讀。The book is worth reading.
我反對(duì)你的意見(jiàn)。I’m against you.
2)一個(gè)句子內(nèi)有且只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)（并列謂語(yǔ)除外），其余動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)或從句的謂語(yǔ)。 ????
他給我一些水喝。He gave me some water to drink.
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針對(duì)練習(xí)：
翻譯下列句子并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）我經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。 ???
2）瑪麗是個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。
3）我的老師交給我一封信 ??
4）我母親經(jīng)常叫我努力學(xué)習(xí)。
5）我們叫我們的老師王先生 ?
6）他正在房里做家庭作業(yè)
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Step 2 并列句學(xué)習(xí)
并列句由并列連詞and, but, or，so, not only…but also, however, yet, while等或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的同等重要簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。
并列句考點(diǎn)：
一、考查表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞
1. but (但是,可是,而,卻)
連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,有時(shí)句中某些詞可以省略;連接兩個(gè)并列成分,可以放在一個(gè)句子的句首,后面不接逗號(hào)。
I hope you don't mind me asking, ________ where did you buy those shoes?
A. so ???????B. and ???????C. for ??????D. but
2. yet (但是;盡管如此)
可連接兩個(gè)句子,用逗號(hào)分開,也可在yet前加and,還可以放在一個(gè)句子的句首。例如:
He's pleasant enough, and yet I don't like him. 他人很好,但我卻不喜歡他。
3. while (而,但是,可是,卻)
while作連詞用時(shí),可表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. ???????????
A.?since ??B. while ??C. when ??D. as
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二、 考查表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞
1. for (因?yàn)?/span>)
由并列連詞for引導(dǎo)的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗號(hào)與前面的分句隔開。for分句主要是對(duì)前一分句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由或推斷原因。for分句不能用來(lái)回答why問(wèn)句。
2. so (因此)
可以連接兩個(gè)句子,中間有時(shí)用逗號(hào)隔開;也可在so前加and;還可以放在一個(gè)句子的句首。
The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m.,________ it loses a lot of business.
A.?for ???B. or ??C. but ??D. so
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三、 考查表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞or
Would you like a cup of coffee ________ shall we get down to business right away?
A.?and ???B. then???C. or ???D. otherwise
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四、考查表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞
1. and (和,同,與,又,并且)
2. not only... but also...(不僅......而且)
3. neither... nor... (既不......也不)
4. both... and... (既......又)
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五、考查其他并列連詞
1. not... but... (不是......而是)
2. rather than(而不是;與其......寧愿)
3. when(正當(dāng)那時(shí),相當(dāng)于and at that time)
二、典型例題
( ??)1.I help him___ he helps me. We help each other .
A. but ???B. and ???C. or ???D. though
( ??) 2. ___ he ___ I am a doctor.
A. Both; and ???B. Either; nor ??C. Neither; nor ???D. Neither; and
( ??) 3. Some of us would like to act the story ___ it isn't finished yet.
A. but ???B. and ???C. though ???D. so
( ??) 4 .One more week, ___ we will finish the task.
A. or ??B. so that ???C. and ??D. if
( ??) 5. "The ground must be just right ___ too wet ___ too dry.
A. either; or ??B. both; and ??C. between; and ??D. neither; nor
( ??) 6. Sam was ill yesterday, so he________his homework.
A. didn't ???B. not did ???C. didn't do ??D. didn't did
( ??) 7. Sorry, there's only one seat left. ?___ you___ she can have it.
?????A. neither; nor ??B. Either; or ??C. Both; and ??D. Not; but
( ??) 8. He _________coffee at all. He _________ tea.
A. doesn't like, prefers ????????B. likes, doesn't prefer
C. would like, not prefers ??????D. prefers, is not food of
( ??) 9. We _________ happy about the price of meat.
A. don't ???????B. are not ?????C. won't ????D. weren't being
( ??) 10. I ______ trouble finding the place.
A. didn't have many ??????????B. haven't a great deal of
C. didn't have much ??????????D. hadn't a lot of
( ??) 11. _______ of us likes the film.
A. Both ???????B. All ???????C. Neither ???????D. Some
( ??) 12. Which sentence is right? ?????????
A. I don't think that he is not right. ????????B. I think he is not right.
C. I don't think that he is right. ???????????D. I think he was not right.
( ??) 13. They are ___ young ___ carry the box onto the table.
A. enough; too ???????B. too; to ????????C. so; to ???????D. very; to
( ??) 14. They ________ lunch at home every day.
A. have not ???????B. didn't have ?????C. don't have ?????D. have not any
( ??) 15.--________ is your English teacher like?
--He is tall and thin.
A. How ????????B. What ?????C. Which ?????D. /
( ??) 16. --_________do you like the new play?
--It's good and interesting.
A. How ????????B. Which ?????C. What ?????D. Whom
( ??) 17. Pay attention please, ___ of you want to attend the party?
A. who ???????B. which ????C. whom ??????D. what
( ??) 18. --___ did you sleep last night?
--I stayed up too late to go to sleep.
A. How ????????B. When ??????C. Why ????D. Where
( ??) 19. It is getting dark. Our teacher_________.
A. lets us to go home ???????B. lets us go home
??C. let us go to home ????????D. let we go home
( ??) 20. _________ she sings!
A. What beautiful ???????????B. How beautiful
C. What beautifully ??????????D. How beautifully
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三、基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)
Ⅲ.Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once.(將下列單詞或詞組的字母代號(hào)填入空格。每詞或詞組只能填一次)（共8分）。
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A. simple ?????????B. alone ??????C. warm ???????D. protect ??????E. at the same time
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?????????Hiking is a great way to travel. You will get close to nature and take exercise____46____. It is easy to do and doesn’t have to be very expensive. ?You can hike close to home or travel to other places. The basic equipment you need for hiking is ____47____: good shoes, clothes and a backpack. You can hike in the mountains, in a forest or along the river. You can also go for a hike in the city. Hiking is interesting?and exciting, but you shouldn’t forget safety. Here are some basic tips for successful hiking: 1. Don’t hike ?????____48____. 2. Tell someone where you are going. 3. Bring water and a good map.4. Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes, or poisonous(有毒的) plants.5. Wear a hat to____49____ yourself from the Sun. 6. Bring a mobile phone if you have one.
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A.?skills ???????B. perfect ?????C. unless ???????D. succeed ????????E. comes from
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????????Another exciting adventure is rafting. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience nature. If you want a ____50____ rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few trees and other dangers: The name “whitewater”?____51____ ?the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly. As with rafting, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes.
?????????You also need to learn the basic ____52____ of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft. You should not go rafting _____53___ you know how to swim, and you should wear a life jacket.
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IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms(用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一詞)：（共8分）
54.?In today’s speech the famous scientist will introduce?__________ new invention to the audience.(he)
55.?In his__________, Adam became interested in different cultures and began to travel around.(sixty)
56.?Many students in Canada learn?__________as a second language because it is widely spoken.(France)
57.You should know the?__________ background of the World WarⅡbefore you read the novel.(history)
58.?When the young lady?__________ held the baby in her arms, he stopped crying at once.(gentle)
59.?All the Young Pioneers should?__________ to keep the school a clean and beautiful place.(active)
60.?After ten days in the cage the bird finally got the?__________ and flew back to the blue sky.(free)
61.?She knew that it was?__________to wait there, so she tried to solve the problem by herself.(useful)
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V. Rewrite the following sentences as required (根據(jù)所給要求，改寫下列句子，每空限填一次)
62. The kids have a good time in the summer camp in the countryside. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句)
_______ the kids _______ a good time in the summer camp in the countryside?
63. The farmer went to the market to sell vegetables twice a week. (對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn))
________ _________ did the farmer go?to the market to sell vegetables.
64. Write down the key words on your paper, or you will forget what I’ve said. ( 保持句意不變)
________ you ________ write down the key words on your paper, you will forget what I’ve said
65. Mr. White told his son that he mustn’t feed the animals in the park. (改為簡(jiǎn)單句)
Mr. White told his son________ _________ feed the animals in the park
66. “When did Tom come to realize the importance of study? ”Could you to tell me (改為賓語(yǔ)從句)
Could you to tell me________ Tom__________ to realize the importance of study?
67. The government made laws to prevent the wild space from the pollution. （改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）
?Laws _________ __________ by the government to prevent the wild space from the pollution
68. take ,does, to get to ,it， them, the working place, twenty minutes（ 連詞成句）
____________________________________________________________________？
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四、鞏固提高
Part 3 Reading and Writing(36%)?
A
??The detective stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are famous all over the world.
??The detective in his stories is called Sherlock Holmes. He solves many cases in a most surprising way. Through it all, his assistant, Dr Watson, watches with admiration. Watson then writes up the story of the cases afterwards.
??This is a useful story writing skill. Because Watson is not very clever, the story remains a mystery until the end. The readers can sometimes pick up some clues before he does! Then, to make Watson understand the mystery, Holmes has to explain it all, step by step. So we, the readers, get to see it step by step too. Watson is almost as good a character in the story as Sherlock Holmes!
??The very first time they meet, Holmes greatly surprises Watson. When they are first introduced, Holmes says to Watson, "How do you do? I see you have been to Afghanistan. “
??Watson is too amazed by this to ask Holmes how he knows this. Watson has, indeed, been to Afghanistan. Later, he asks Holmes about it. Holmes explains that there is nothing magical about what he does. He gets to know it all by very, very careful observation. .
??Observation One?
??Watson was introduced to Holmes as a doctor. Yet Holmes thought that the way he stood and walked made him seem like a soldier. So, this meant he was probably an army doctor.
??Observation Two
??Watson's face was quite dark skinned. But his wrists were pale. So his dark face was probably sun burnt.?This meant that he had been to a hot, sunny country. As he was a working doctor, this was not a holiday. He must have gone with the army.
??Observation Three?
??At the time,the British army had soldiers at bases in many parts of the world. So there were still a lot of places to choose from. However, Holmes saw that Watson looked very tired and he was always holding his left arm, as if it was painful. So, he had probably been with the army to a place where they were fighting. There was only one place where the British army was fighting at that time: Afghanistan.
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( ?)1. Dr Watson watches Holmes with admiration because________.
A.Holmes solves mysteries in a most surprising way
B. Watson is not very clever
C. people always come to Holmes for help
D.the story of the mystery is written up afterwards .
( ?)2. The writer most probably created the character, Dr Watson, to______ .
A.?give Holmes help when solving mysteries
B. Show Holmes' careful observation
C. help readers pick up some clues about the mystery
D.get readers to see the mystery step by step
( ?)3. The first time they meet,_______.
A.?Holmes explains how he knows Watson has been to Afghanistan
B.?Holmes surprises Watson by telling that he has been to Afghanistan
C. Watson tells Holmes he has been to Afghanistan
D. Watson asks Holmes how he knows he has been to Afghanistan
( ?)4. In “Observation Two" , the underlined words sun burnt probably means________.
A.?caused by illness ????????B. Made brown by sun
C. painted by make-up ??????D. given by his mother
( ?)5. The passage tells us that Watson went to Afghanistan to ________.
A.?fight the enemy for the country ???B. have a holiday with his friends
C. work as an army doctor ??????????D. stay away from the cold, rainy weather of London
( ?)6.From the passage we know that the British army _________ at that time.
A.?only had soldiers in Afghanistan
B. had many army doctors at bases in many parts of the world
C. was fighting with several countries
D. was fighting with Afghanistan .
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B
??Where in the world can you take an hour's train ride, and pass a forest, a London street, a scene from the Wild West, and a burning building that never bums down? There's only one place, and that's Hollywood, in California. The scenes you see from the tourist train are film sets in?the Universal Studios, one of the oldest and largest movie companies in the USA.
??A visit to Universal Studios brings__63__memories of great days of Hollywood, the films and the stars. But they are only memories. Hollywood isn't quite the same as it used to be. Costs (成本、費(fèi)用) have_____and confidence has gone down. Movie-makers are afraid to spend their money on expensive new ideas. Instead, they_65_old ones.
??The film industry is changing fast. Teenagers still go out to the movies. The theatre is a good place to meet friends away from there. But older people_66_stay home to watch series like Dynasty have become as important to Hollywood as expensive movies. These "soap opera (肥 旱?。?/span>", as they are called, show rich, _67_families living in beautiful homes and wearing beautiful clothes. But the actors and actress are nearly all middle-aged, like many of the people who watch them.
??Though it is soap operas that are keeping the film-makers of Hollywood in Business, big films are still being made in America. But more and more of them are made outside Hollywood. New York is the most important new center, but there are many others _68_ . Movie-makers have realized that they don't need Hollywood any more. Modern cameras made copies in a studio instead. Other states, such as Florid and Texas are working hard to take the film business away from California. They are offering better working conditions (條件)and lower cost. But Hollywood is fighting back. Tie state of California is trying to keep its best-known industry.
( ?)7. A. behind ?B.back ?C.across ?D.above
( ?)8. A. looked out ?B. prepared for ?C. dealt with ?D.gone up
( ?)9. A. arrange ?B. create ?C.repeat ?D. destroy
( ?)10. A. suddenly ?B.usually ?C. seriously ?D. politely
( ?)11.A.powerful ?B. helpful ?C.simple ?D. foolish
( ?)12. A. just now ?B. at first ?C.in time ?D.as well
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C
??A man in Changchun City, Jilin Province has made over 147 blood donations in the past ， decide to help his wife, who suffers from a s_13_disease.
??After Xu Wenwu's wife collapsed in 2003 because of her disease, doctors told her that she would need r_14_blood transfusions(輸血)，which would be more than the family could afford.
??Wu learned about a blood donation policy in China that allows the husband or wife of donator to use blood for f_15_, as long as his or her spouse(配偶) has donated a certain a_16_of blood. When Xu discovered that they had the same blood type, he decided it was the best c__17__
??Xu's wife, Wang Xiaoying, was later diagnosed with myasthenia gravis(重癥肌無(wú)力）and could no longer look after herself properly.Xu,an electrician,was let go from dozens of jobs because he spent so much time c??18 ?for his wife.
??Wang no longer needs blood transfusions to live, but Xu said he would continue to donate to others who need it. Computer data at a Changchun blood station, established in 2001, has recorded 147 donations by Xu, but the number may be e__19___higher.
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D
??He is always in my heart. I couldn't believe I lost him.As I think of my father, tears fill my eyes and run down my face.
??My dad always wanted to go to Canada, so he wrote a letter to one of my uncles in Canada for help. My uncle successfully got a visit visa (簽證）for my dad. So he flew to Canada, looking for a better life for his kids. That year, I was six.
??After a few months Dad wrote us a letter saying he was fine and happy. That letter, and its many fellows down the years, all with the same words,?kept coming to our doors for 11 years. Yet, even as he lived there in Canada, his health was failing him — but fearing we would worry he never let us know about his bad health. He spent these years in Canada working hard; finally after 11 years when he got his landed immigrant (永久居民）paper, he wrote us saying all of us could move to Canada.
??We were all happy that we would finally be together, It was to be a huge family reunion (重 聚).Sadly my father did not live to see his family reunion as he died of a serious heart attack.
??Yes, Canada is a wonderful country. So many times I can't help thinking it was here that my dad was taken away from us. When I miss him, I want someone to hold me and give me a hug; And when l see how everyone gives his father gifts on Father's Day, wishing them a long, happy life, I want to do the same. But to whom can I give my Father's Day gift and card? Where can I get the same warm loving hug again?
20.Which word can best describe the writer's feeling when he was writing the passage?
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21.Why did the author's father want to go to Canada?
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22.What did the underlined words "the same words" refer to?
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23.How old was the writer when he moved to Canada?
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24.The writer’s father passed away before his family moved to Canada, didn't he?
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25.What can we know from the last paragraph?
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