U10
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必會(huì)詞匯
1. healthy ????
adj. 健康的；有益于健康的 ???
e. g. It is healthy to eat fruit. 吃水果對(duì)身體有好處
You look very healthy. 你看起來(lái)很健康???
unhealthy ???adj. ?不健康的，對(duì)健康有害的
【友情提示】un-是一個(gè)用來(lái)構(gòu)成反義詞的前綴，表示“不”的意思。其他的如：important重要的- unimportant不重要的等。
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【辨析】healthy 和 healthful
healthy 主要指身體健康，可修飾人或動(dòng)物.
e.g. ?a healthy baby 健康的嬰兒
a healthy panda 一只健康的熊貓
也指身體各部分乃至食欲等的正常
e.g. ?have a healthy appetite 食欲正常
healthful 意為“增進(jìn)健康的”；一般僅指有益于健康的
e.g. ?healthful food 有益于健康的食品
healthful exercise 有益于健康的鍛煉
但現(xiàn)在也可以用?healthy 代替?healthful, 例如：
???healthy food 健康食品????????healthy outdoor work 有益于健康的戶外活動(dòng)
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2. eating
n. ?吃；飲食
e.g. ??Healthy eating is good for our body. 健康飲食有助于我們的身體
【記憶鏈接】 ???eating-house ???????eating-place ????????飯館；飯店；食堂
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3. diet
?n. ?(1)食譜
(2)日常食物
e. g. ?His illness is because of poor diet. 他的疾病是因?yàn)椴畹娘嬍?/span>.
?v.?節(jié)食
e. g. ?You need to diet and take more exercise. 你應(yīng)該節(jié)食并多做運(yùn)動(dòng).
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4. pyramid
n. ?金字塔
e. g. Pyramid is a great project for man. 金字塔對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)是一項(xiàng)巨大的工程.
【友情提示】 ?金字塔是埃及最為有名的建筑，被列為古代世界七大奇觀之一。埃及的金字塔建于4500年以前，是古埃及國(guó)王為自己修建的陵墓。
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5. ?salt
n. 鹽
e.g. I think you should eat little salt. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃鹽.
v. （1）用鹽腌（食物）
e.g. ?She is salting beef.她正在腌牛肉.
(2)鹽撒在…..上使冰或雪融化
e. g. ?Peope salt on the road to melt ice and snow after a heavy snow.
?在一場(chǎng)大雪過(guò)后，人們將鹽撒在路上融化冰雪.
【記憶鏈接】 salty ?adj.鹽的；咸的
【常見(jiàn)詞組】??a grain of salt 一粒鹽????a salt-water fish 咸水魚(yú)?????table salt 調(diào)味鹽????
??????????????sea salt 海鹽??????????bath salt 浴鹽?????????????salt-mine 鹽礦
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6. yogurt
n. 酸奶；酸酪乳
e. g. Do you like yogurt?你喜歡酸奶嗎？
????I think yogurt is good for our health. 我覺(jué)得酸酪乳對(duì)我們的健康有益。
【友情提示】在英語(yǔ)中，yogurt常被拼寫(xiě)為yoghurt。在口語(yǔ)中，yogurt有時(shí)也可數(shù)，例如：two strawberry yogurts表示“兩杯草莓酸奶”
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7. a little少量，少許
e. g. Please give the cat a little water. 請(qǐng)給貓一些水。
????I have a little money. 我有一些錢。
????【友情提示】 ?a little后只能跟不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”。例如：
????We need a little sugar every day. 我們每天只需要少量的糖。
????如果要修飾可數(shù)名詞的話，需用a few, 例如：
Mum only bought a few apples. 媽媽只買了幾個(gè)蘋(píng)果。
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8. plenty of大量的，許多
e. g. There is plenty of water in the river because of rain. 因?yàn)橄掠旰永镉写罅康乃?/span>
????There are plenty of flowers in the garden. 花園里有很多花。
????【友情提示】 ?plenty of與a lot of一樣，后面可以跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
????I am very hungry. I need plenty of food. 我很餓。我需要大量食物。
????I have got plenty of stamps. 我有許多郵票。
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9. fresh
adj. 新鮮的；淡的；無(wú)鹽的
e.g. ?People drink fresh water, not salty water. 人們喝淡水，不喝咸水.
【常見(jiàn)詞組】????fresh flowers 鮮花????????????fresh fish?鮮魚(yú)，生魚(yú)
fresh colours 鮮艷的色彩????feel fresh 覺(jué)得清新爽快
???????????????a fresh hand 新手 ?????????make a fresh start 重新開(kāi)始
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10. exercise
n.鍛煉；練習(xí)
e.g. Walking, running and jumping are all healthy forms of exercise. 走路、跑步和跳遠(yuǎn)都是健康的體育鍛煉.
We do morning exercises and eye exercises every day. 我們每天都做早操和眼保健操
【注意】exercise作“鍛煉”解釋時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；但作“做操”、“練習(xí)”解釋時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞.
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11. countryside
n. 鄉(xiāng)村
e.g. ?The English countryside looks at its best in spring. 英國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村在春天景色最美.
【辨析】country 和 countryside
country 和 countryside 都可以意為“農(nóng)村”.
e. g. ?I live in the city, and he lives in the country. 我住在城市，他住在農(nóng)村.
(countryside只能是“鄉(xiāng)村、農(nóng)村”的意思.???"我住在城市，他住在農(nóng)村"此句中的“鄉(xiāng)下”習(xí)慣上只能用?country不用?countryside).
e. g. ??I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
我坐在公共汽車的前部，以便更好的看一看農(nóng)村的風(fēng)光.
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12. fit
?adj. ??(1)健康的
e.g. ?He's been ill and isn't fit for work yet. 他一直生病，尚不能工作.
(2)合適的；適宜的
e. g. ?The food was not fit for human. 這種食物不適宜人吃.
v.合適；合身
e.g. ?These shoes don't fit me. 這雙鞋我穿著不合適.
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13. stay
v. 逗留
stay 表示暫時(shí)的停留，而?live 表示長(zhǎng)期居住
【常用短語(yǔ)】(1)stay away from 保持距離；不打擾
?e. g. ?Jim stayed away from school. 吉姆不上學(xué)了.
Stay away from me.please. 請(qǐng)不要打擾我
(2)stay for /to sth 呆在某人家（吃飯）
?e.g. ?Why don't you stay for dinner? 你為什么不吃了飯?jiān)僮?/span>?
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14. porridge??n. ?粥
e. g. I have a bowl of porridge for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐喝一碗粥。
????Don’t put sugar in the porridge. 不要往粥里放糖。
???【友情提示】do porridge是一個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)，意思是“坐牢；服刑”，例如：
???He will do porridge two years because of stealing. 他因?yàn)橥蹈`將坐牢兩年。
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15. than???conj. 比
e. g. He works harder than me. 他工作比我努力。
????I like apples than bananas. 我喜歡蘋(píng)果多于香蕉。
?prep. (1)用在名詞或代詞前表示比較關(guān)系：
e. g. I’m older than her. 我比她年紀(jì)大。
????Nobody understands the situation better than you．誰(shuí)也不如你更了解情況。
??(2)用于more和less之后和表示時(shí)間、距離等詞語(yǔ)前，表明做某事所用的時(shí)間。
e. g. It costs me more than l00 yuan. 這個(gè)花了我100多元。
????It’s less than a mile to the school.離學(xué)校不到一英里。
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16. as ...as ??像……一樣;如同
用于副詞和形容詞之前，構(gòu)成比較句型.
（1）第二個(gè)as 用作介詞
e. g. ?He is as tall as his father. 他和他父親一樣高.
（2）第二個(gè) as 用作連詞
e.g. ??Run as fast as you can. 你能跑多快就跑多快.
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17. ?habit
n.習(xí)慣，癖好
e. g. He has many bad habits. 他有許多壞習(xí)慣。
【常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)】be in the?/?a habit of 慣于，有某種習(xí)慣
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18. quiz ?n. 問(wèn)答競(jìng)賽；小型考試，測(cè)驗(yàn)
e. g. John attended a quiz on television yesterday. 約翰昨天參加了一個(gè)電視問(wèn)答競(jìng)賽。
????Here's a quiz about eating habits. 這里有一份關(guān)于飲食習(xí)慣的小測(cè)試。
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19. ?before???
conj. (1)在……之前
e. g. ?Do it before you forget. 趁早動(dòng)手，免得忘了.
?(2)不愿
e.g. ?I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him. 我寧死也不向他道歉.
【友情提示】 ????before 作“寧愿”講時(shí)相當(dāng)于?rather than.
例如上面的句子也可以這樣說(shuō): I'd shoot myself rather than I apologized to him.
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20. should ?modal v. 應(yīng)該
e. g. You should stop smoking. 你應(yīng)該戒煙。
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21. suggestion
n.（1）建議
e. g. On you suggestion I bought the red hat.按照你的建議我買了紅色的帽子.
（2）暗示；聯(lián)想
e. g. Most advertisements work through suggestion. 廣告多通過(guò)啟發(fā)人的聯(lián)想力而發(fā)揮作用.
【記憶鏈接】suggest ?v.提議；建議；暗示
e. g. I suggest Paris as a good place for a holiday. 我提議去巴黎，那是個(gè)度假的好地方.
練習(xí)：
I Complete the sentences with 'some' or 'any'. (用some 或any 完成下面的句子。)
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Is there ice cream here?
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There isn't water in the bottle.
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There are vegetables in the kitchen.
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We don't need rice.
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We can't find books on the shelf.
【Keys】1 ???any ??2 ???any ??3 ??some ?4 ??any ???5 ??any
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Ⅱ Complete the words according to the sentences. ??(根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)單詞。)
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I like chocolate very much. It's my f food.
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I had coffee with milk and s for breakfast yesterday.
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We need p of fresh fruit every day.
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He is very fat because he doesn't do any e .
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Your diet is h than any other people in our company.
【Keys】1 ???favourite 2 ??sugar 3 ??plenty 4 ??exercise ??????5 ??healthier
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必會(huì)詞組
1.healthy?eating?健康的飲食=a healthy diet??????keep healthy, ???keep us healthy, ??keep our health
2.?good?diets?and?bad?diets?好的食譜和不好的食譜?
3.?a?food?pyramid?一個(gè)食物金字塔??????how much of each kind of food
4.?need?a?little?fat,?salt?and?sugar?需要一點(diǎn)脂肪，鹽和糖 ??a little=some
5.?need plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables????plenty of=a lot of=lots of=many=much=enough
6.?fresh?fruit?and?vegetables?新鮮的水果和蔬菜? ???need a lot of rice, noodles and bread
7.How much fruit do we need every day?
How much+UN.
How many+CN.
some+CN./UN.
8.?stay with his cousin ????stay?with?sb.?和某人呆在一起?
練習(xí)：
1. Fred is the __________(short ) in his class .
2. My book is ________( new ) than my sister’s .
3. That piece of chicken is the ___________( heavy )in the fridge .
4. Her rule is ______(long), and it’s the _______(long)of ours all .
5. Is a fish _________(thin) than a bird ?
三、必會(huì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. It shows us how much of each kind of food we need every day. 它告訴我們每天所需每種食物的量。
??★show意為“顯示，告知”，為動(dòng)詞，例如：
????His expression shows how unhappy he is. 他的表情說(shuō)明他非常不高興。
??★show sb sth意為“讓某人看某物”也可以表達(dá)為show sth to sb。例如：
The English teacher shows the students a photo of the Great Wall.
????=The English teacher shows a photo of the Great Wall to the students. 英語(yǔ)老師給學(xué)生們展示了一張長(zhǎng)城的照片。
??★each意為“每一，每個(gè)”；each kind of是說(shuō)“每一種”。
????e.g. Thete are lots of trees on each side of the road. 在路的每一邊都有很多樹(shù)。
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2. How much sugar do we need every day?我們每天需要多少糖？
??how much用于對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的提問(wèn)，need在這里用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”。例如：
??-How much fruit do we need every day?我們每天需要多少水果？
??-We need plenty of fruit every day. 我們每天需要許多水果。
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3. We need a little sugar every day. 我們每天需要一點(diǎn)糖。
??need在這里作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”。
??need to do sth /need sth. 意思為：需要去做某事／需要某物。例如：
??We need to wash our hands before meals. 吃飯前我們需要洗手。
??否定句：We don't need to wash our hands before meals. 吃飯前我們不需要洗手。
??She needs food and clothes. 她需要食物和衣物。
??否定句：She doesn’t need food or clothes. 她不需要食物和衣物。
??need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后直接加動(dòng)詞原形need do sth, 否定形式為：needn't do sth。例如：
??Ben needn't clean the room now. 本不需要現(xiàn)在打掃房間。
??Students needn't go to school at weekends. 學(xué)生們周末不用去上學(xué)。
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4. One day, Mr Lin went to visit Miss Chen and had lunch with her. 一天，林先生去拜訪陳小姐并和她一起吃了午餐。
??one day指“一天”，既可指過(guò)去的某一天，也可指將來(lái)的某一天，例如：
??One day, I went to see my grandparents last week. 上個(gè)星期的一天，我去看望了我的祖父母。
??visit sb的意思是“拜訪，探望某人”，還可以用see sb來(lái)表示相同的意思，但前者更正式一些，例如：
??We plan to visit Miss Black. =We plan to see Miss Black. 我們打算去看望布萊克小姐。
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5. What did you have for lunch?你午餐吃的什么？
??have sth for breakfast/lunch/dinner早／午／晚餐吃某物，例如：
??-What do you usually have for lunch?你平時(shí)午餐吃什么？
??-I usually have bread, jam and a cup of coffee. 我經(jīng)常吃面包，果醬，再喝一杯咖啡。
-What did you have for dinner last night?昨晚你晚餐吃的什么？
??-I had some steamed fish and some rice. 我吃的蒸魚(yú)和米飯。
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6. One was…and the other was…一個(gè)…, 另一個(gè)…
??one ...the other… ?指“一…另一…”是指兩者中的“一個(gè)；另一個(gè)。”例如：
??I have two hats. One is red, and the other is yellow. 我有兩頂帽子，一頂是紅色的，另一頂是黃色的。
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7. Your diet is less healthy than my diet. 你的食譜不如我的食譜健康。
??句中的less healthy than解釋為“不及…健康”。
??less+原級(jí)十than相當(dāng)于not so十原級(jí)+as，例如：
??①Helen is less busy than Mary.=Helen is not so busy as Mary. 海倫沒(méi)有瑪麗忙。
??②You are less careful than he.=You are not so careful as he. 你沒(méi)有他仔細(xì)。
??【友情提示】less十形容詞／副詞+than的結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不如…（怎么樣）”。例如：
???This meeting is less important than that one. 這個(gè)會(huì)議不如那個(gè)會(huì)議重要。
???That book is less interesting than this one. 那本書(shū)不如這本書(shū)有趣。
??上述兩句話又可以改為：This meeting isn’t as important as that one. ／That book isn’t as interesting as this one. 意思沒(méi)有改變。
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8. Your diet is as healthy as my diet. 你的飲食和我的飲食一樣健康。
??as healthy as意為“和…一樣健康”
??as ...as表示“和…一樣（怎么樣）”，兩個(gè)as之間可以放形容詞或副詞。例如：
??I can walk as fast as Mike. 我能和邁克跑得一樣快。
??它的否定式是not as/so ...as，表示“不如……（怎么樣）”。例如：
??Your dog isn't as beautiful as mine. 你的小狗不如我的小狗漂亮。
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練習(xí)：
I. Choose the best answer.
( ????)1. There is rice left. Let's buy some.
A. some B. any ????????????C. a little ???????????D. little
( ????)2. What do you usually have_____________breakfast?
A. at ??????????????B. for ?????????????C. in ???????????????D. to
( ????)3. Mrs Sun a healthy diet and worked in a factory.
A. has B. had ?????????????C. have ?????????????D. having
( ????)4. I don't like rice dumplings with meat. I like sweet ones.
A. salt B. salty ????????????C. health ?????????????D. healthy
( ????)5. --Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?
?????????--_______________.
A. Yes, I'd love to ????????????????????B. Thank you all the same
C. You're welcome ???????????????????D. That's all right
( ????)6. We should not eat a lot of ______________.
A.?boiled vegetables ?????????????????B.?hamburgers
C.?vegetable soup ???????????????????D.?milk and water
( ????)7. Grandpa Chen is too fat. He is not______________.
A. healthy ???????????B. unhealthy ????????C. tall ?????????????D. short
( ????)8. ??????????????rice did you have yesterday evening?
A. How many ???????B. How much ???????C. How soon ????????D. How far
【Keys】1-5 ???DBBBA ??6-8 ???BAB
四、必會(huì)語(yǔ)法
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形容詞的比較等級(jí)
I比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
1）規(guī)則變化
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類別
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構(gòu)成方法
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原級(jí)
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比較級(jí)
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最高級(jí)
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單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞
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一般直接在詞尾加-er，-est
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long
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longer
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longest
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以e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-r，-st
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late
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later
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latest
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以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)，把y變i，再加-er，-est
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easy
happy
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easier
happier
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easiest
happiest
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以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-est
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big
hot
thin
fat
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bigger
hotter
thinner
fatter
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biggest
hottest
thinnest
fattest
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多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞
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在原級(jí)前加more，most
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careful
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more careful
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most careful
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beautiful
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more beautiful
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most beautiful
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2）不規(guī)則變化
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原級(jí)
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比較級(jí)
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最高級(jí)
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good/well
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better
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best
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many/much
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more
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most
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little
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less
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least
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bad/badly/ill
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worse
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worst
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old
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?older（年紀(jì)較大的）
elder（較年長(zhǎng)的）
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??oldest（年紀(jì)最大的）
eldest（最年長(zhǎng)的）
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far
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farther（較遠(yuǎn)）
further（進(jìn)一步）
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farthest（最遠(yuǎn)）
?furthest（最大限度）
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練習(xí)：
1) 選出正確的答案
1. This pencil is ___________ than that one.
???A. longest ???????????B. long ??????????C. longer ???????????D. as long
2. I think science is ____________ than language. What do you think?
???A. important ???????B. more important ??C. much important ?????D. most important
3. Who jumped _________ of the two boys?
???A. higher ???????????B. high ???????????C. more high ?????????D. highest
【Keys】 1. C ???2.B ???3. A
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2) 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. Simon is ________(good) at English than Amy.
2. The blue car is _____________________(expensive) of all.
3. She is ___________(busy) in my family.
4. I think hiking is _____________(interesting) than diving.
5. He works _________(hard) than I do.
【Keys】1. better ??2. the most expensive ?3. the busiest ??4. more interesting ??5. harder
II．原級(jí)用法
1）有表示絕對(duì)概念的副詞very, too, so, enough, quite 等修飾時(shí)，用其原級(jí)。如：
?????????The boy is too young. ??????He plays the piano very well.
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2）表示A與B 在某一方面程度相同或不同時(shí)用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。
肯定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：“A…+ as +形容詞/副詞原級(jí) + as + B”。如：
?English is as interesting as Chinese. ???He runs as fast as Jim.
否定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：“A…+ not as/so +形容詞/副詞原級(jí) + as + B”。如：
Lesson One isn’t as (so) difficult as Lesson Two.
否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于less +形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ than。如：
Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.
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3）表示A是B 的…….倍時(shí)，A…..+倍數(shù)+as +形容詞原級(jí)+as+ B
Our school isthree times/twice as big as theirs. ??The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.
III．比較級(jí)用法
1）表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A …+ 比較級(jí)+than + B”。如：
????????????I am taller than you. ??He did better than me.
注意：在比較時(shí)，要注意比較的對(duì)象要一致。My pencil is longer than yours. （不用you）
2）有表示程度的副詞a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)。如：
????????It’s much warmer today. ?????????This bottle is a little bigger than that one.
3）在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇，“哪一個(gè)更……”,用句型“Which/Who is +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)，A or B?”。如：
Who is taller, Mike or Ted? ???????Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil?
4）表示“兩者之間”最……的一個(gè)”(of the two)”時(shí)，常用“the + 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
????????Bob is the taller of the two boys. ???Being is the bigger of the two.
5）表示“越來(lái)越……”時(shí)，用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí)”，句中有多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)用“more and more + 原級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
????????The weather is getting warmer and warmer. ?Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
6）表示“越……就越……”時(shí)，用“the + 比較級(jí)， the +比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
????????The more you eat, the fatter you will be. ?????The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
IV．最高級(jí)用法
1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用其最高級(jí)形式。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞the，副詞的最高級(jí)前可不加。句末常接一個(gè)in/of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示范圍。如：
What’s the best sport in summer? ??????Li Dong sings best of the four boys.
形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)，不能再用定冠詞the。如：
???????????Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today.
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2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用“Which/Who is the +最高級(jí)，A, B or C?”。如：
??????????Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
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3）表示“最……的之一”時(shí)，用“one of the +形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
??????????Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.
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4）形容詞最高級(jí)前可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最……”。如：
??????????The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
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5）形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可表示最高級(jí)含義。如：
?????????Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李磊是他班里最高的學(xué)生。
????????=Li Lei is taller than any other student?in his class.
????????=Li Lei is taller than the other students?in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than anyone else?in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than the rest of students?in his class.
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