U8
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必會詞匯
1.?also ?adv. 也；還；同樣?(放在句中)
??????e. g. You are 11 years . I am also the same age. 你11歲，我也是同歲。
?????【知識拓展】too 也，放在肯定句的句尾，逗號隔開; either 也 ，放在否定句句尾，并用都好隔開
2. kind ?n. 種類?a.和藹的?寬容的
e. g. There are many kinds of fruit in the fruit shop .水果商店里有很多種類的水果。
????Our English teacher is very kind. 我么你的英語老師很和藹。
【知識拓展】all kinds of……各種種類，a kind of … 一種……
3. fry ?v. 油炸；油煎；油炒
??????e. g. They like to fry something to eat . 他們都喜歡炸東西吃。
?????【知識拓展】fried a. 油炸的
??????e.g. Children like fried food nowadays. 現(xiàn)在孩子都喜歡油炸食物。
4. frozen ?adj. 冷凍的，冰凍的
??????e.g. Frozen food are easy to keep for a long time. 冷凍食物容日保存很長時間。
【知識拓展】freezing weather ?嚴寒的天氣 ???frozen food
5. bake ?v. 燒烤
?????【知識拓展】baker?n. 面包師；面包工人 ；bakery n. 面包店
e. g. They are baking in the park . 他們在公園里燒烤。
6. boil ?v. 煮沸
?e. g. The water is boiling. 水在沸騰。
【知識拓展】boiling a.正在沸騰的；boiled ?a. 煮開了的
7. packet ?n. 包裝
【知識拓展】a packet of ……一袋……
e. g. The father bought a packet of sweets for his daughter. 爸爸給他的女兒買了袋糖。
練習(xí)：
I. Choose the different word according to the sound (選出劃線部分讀音與其他三個不同的單詞)
1. A. packet ???????? B. bake ????????????C. cabbage ?????? D. hamburger
2. A. wing ???????? ????B. wind ??????????? C. kind ?????????? D. dinner
3. A. steam ???????? B. breakfast ??????? C. healthy ?????????D. head
4. A. frozen ???????? B. notice ?????????? C. only ???????????D. often
5. A. menu ????????? B. section ???????? C. before ?????????? D. center
?
II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. (用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
1. Mother has spent most of________ (she) time looking after me.
2. More meat and fewer vegetables make a (an) __________?(health) diet.
3. Mum needs to buy two bags of________ (tomato).
4. The family is celebrating their little daughter's________ (twelve) birthday.
5.________ (steam) fish is not only delicious but also good for us.
Keys: I. l. B ?????2. C ?????3. A ????4. D ?????5.C
?????II. l. her ????2. unhealthy ????3. tomatoes ????4. twelfth ????5. Steamed
二、必會詞組
1.?dinner?menu??晚餐菜單?
2.?cabbage?soup??卷心菜湯?
3.?chicken?soup???雞湯?
4.?fried?cabbage???炒卷心菜?
5.?steamed?prawns?with?garlic??蒜蓉蒸蝦
6.?steamed?fish??清蒸魚?
7.?fried?eggs?with?bacon??熏肉炒蛋?
8.?fried?chicken?wings??炸雞翅
9.?boiled?eggs?水煮蛋
10.?baked?potato??烤土豆?
11.?tomato?and?egg?soup??番茄蛋湯
12.?after?dinner??晚餐后?
13.?What?kind?of…?什么種類的
14.?need?to?do?sth.?需要做某事?
15.?would?like?noodles?for?dinner??晚餐想吃面條
16.?like?seafood??喜歡海鮮
17.?in?the?market?在市場?
18.?in?the?supermarket?在超市?
19.?at?the?fish?stall??在魚攤?
20.?in?the?fruit?section??在水果部門
21.?freeze??v.??冰凍，結(jié)冰????frozen???adj.??冰凍的???freezing??adj.?極冷的
?e.g.?frozen?food???冷凍食品?????freezing?weather????嚴寒的天氣
22.?like?to?eat?dumplings?喜歡吃餃子
23.?a?packet?of?一包/袋?
24.?two?hamburgers?兩個漢堡包?
25.?fruit?salad?水果色拉?
練習(xí)：
III. Choose the best answer. (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?/span>)
1. You can find all the food that you like in our restaurant. Come here, and you'll enjoy________.
A. it ??????? ?B. them C. their ???? D. its
2. The fried cabbage isn't________. Please put ________ in it.
A. enough salty; enough salt ???????????????B. salty enough; enough salt
C. enough salty; salt enough ???????????????D. salty enough; salt enough
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We ________ milk today. There is a lot in the fridge.
A. needn't ????????? B. don't need C. needn't to ???????D. don't need to
4. Mother ________ buy any milk today.
A. needs not ?????????B. doesn't need ??????C. needn't to ????????D. doesn't need to
5. What would you like ________ breakfast, bread or rice?
A. to ????????? B. with C. for ??? ???? D. at
IV. Rewrite the sentences as required. (按要求改寫句子)
1. We can have some fruit after dinner. ??(劃線部分提問)
???_________ ________you have some fruit?
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Let's have some steamed prawns with garlic for dinner, _________ ________? (改為反義疑問句）
3. We had some vegetable?soup for lunch. ??(劃線部分提問) ?
________ _________ _________ _________ ________ you ________ for lunch?
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She has to go to the supermarket to buy some milk. ??(劃線部分提問) ?
___________ __________ she __________ to go to the supermarket?
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They'd like to have some fried eggs with bacon. ??(劃線部分提問)
________________ _________________they like to have?
Keys:III. l. A ????2.B ????3.B ????4. D ?????5. C
?????IV. 1. When can ?2. Shall we ??3. What kind of soup did, have ?4. Why does, have ??5. What would
三、必會知識點
1. ?What?would you like?for?dinner,?tonight? 今天晚飯你們想吃什么？ ?
??????句中的would you like意為“你們想要……”當(dāng)表達相同含義時我們也可以說成do you want。因此該句還可說成What do you want for dinner? would you like后可直接跟名詞，也可用不定式to do。例如：
??????I’d like some fruit after dinner.我想飯后來點水果。
??????We'd like to be the friends of the Earth.我們想成為地球的朋友。
??????What would you like, chicken or a hamburger?
??????=What do you like, chicken or a hamburger? 你想吃什么，雞肉還是漢堡包？
??????what do you like雖然在意思上和what would you like 一樣，但是后者顯得更為客氣，也更常用。在回答這一問題時，可用句型I’d like…
??????e.g. ---What would you like, beef or pork? 你想吃什么，牛肉還是豬肉？
?????????---I don't care for pork. I would like beef.我不喜歡吃豬肉，我想吃牛肉。
2. ?Would you like rice?or?noodles? 你想要米飯還是面條？
??????這是一種選擇疑問句，用來詢問對方的想法，回答時用I'd like to have…“我想要……”，例如：
---Would you like to have some coffee or some tea? 你想要喝咖啡還是茶？
??????---I’d like to have some coffee.我想要喝一些咖啡。
一般來說，在疑問句或者否定句中表示“一些”用any，但是在這里用some表示征求對方的意見并且希望得到肯定的回答。句中的or意為“和”，在否定句中替代and。 or還可以解釋為“否則，或者”，表示選擇
e.g. There is no air or water on the moon.月亮上既沒有水也沒有空氣。
??????You had better go by taxi, or you will be late.你最好乘出租車去，否則要遲到了。
??????Would you like a cup of tea or coffee? 你想要杯茶還是咖啡？
3.??I’d like steamed prawns?with?garlic.我想要吃蒜茸蒸蝦。
??????句中的with是介詞，如果菜肴名稱中的配料為固態(tài)時，介詞一般用with，例如：fried cabbage with pork豬肉炒卷心菜。如果菜肴名稱中有醬料，介詞一般用in。
??????with的幾種用法：
??????(1)表示工具，媒介，例如：
??????He wrote the letter with a pencil.他用鉛筆寫那封信。
??????I dry my hand and face with a towel.我用毛巾擦干手和臉。
??????(2)表示具有，附有，例如：
??????I bought a house with a red roof.我買了一幢有紅屋頂?shù)姆孔印?/span>
??????Do you know the girl with red hair? 你認識那個紅頭發(fā)的女孩嗎？
There is a beautiful park with a lake.那有一個帶湖的美麗公園。
(3)表示帶……在身上，例如：
??????I have no money with me.我沒帶錢。
??????Look, Mr. Li with a box is coming.看，李先生帶著一個盒子過來了。
4. ?What kind of?soup would you like? 你想喝哪種湯？
What kind of…？表示“哪一種”用于詢問對方的意見，使其在有限的條目內(nèi)作出選擇，例如：
??????---What kind of soup would you like?你想要哪種湯？
??????---I'd like chicken soup. 我要雞湯。
??????---What kind of storybook do you like? 你歡哪種故事書？
??????---I like science fiction. 我喜歡科幻小說。
5. ?It's my favourite. 這是我最喜歡的。
??????favourite 意為“最喜歡的人或物”，在美式英語中拼作favorite。例如：
??????This T-shirt is my favorite. 這件T恤衫是我最喜歡的。
??????favourite 指“最喜歡的人或物”是一個可數(shù)名詞，在句中應(yīng)有單復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
?????（誤）These English novels are my favourite.
?????（正）These English novels are my favourites. ???這些是我最喜歡的英文小說。
??????又如：
??????Miss Zhang is a favourite with her students.
??????=Miss Zhang is her students' favourite.張老師是最受學(xué)生喜愛的老師。
??????favourite也可為形容詞意為“最喜歡的”，例如：
??????Red is one of my favourite colours.（favourite作形容詞用）
??????=Red is one of my favourite.（favourite作名詞用）紅色是我最喜歡的顏色之一。
可能孩子受中文解釋的干擾，學(xué)生很容易在favourite 前加個most, favourite本身意思就是“最喜歡的”前面不可以再加most。例如：
?????（誤）This is my most favourite song. ???????(正) ?This is my favourite song. 這是我最喜歡的一首歌。
6. OK, but we need to buy?some food first.好吧，但是我們要先買食物。
??????need既是行為動詞，又是情態(tài)動詞。
??????當(dāng)need作為情態(tài)動詞，后面接動詞原形，否定形式是needn't。
當(dāng)need作為行為動詞時，后面可以跟名詞，也可以跟to do結(jié)構(gòu)，這時其否定形式要用助動詞。
例如：
?????He doesn't need any help.他不需要任何幫助。
?????I need to wash hands first.我要先洗洗手。
練習(xí)：
I. Write out the phrases according to the given meanings (根據(jù)所給詞意寫出詞組)
1. 熏肉炒雞蛋__________________________
2. 煮雞蛋______________________________
3. 炸雞腿 _____________________________
4. 清蒸魚______________________________
5. 冰凍食品____________________________
6. 在蔬菜攤位__________________________
7. 在海鮮部門__________________________
8. 烤馬鈴薯____________________________
II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
1. A friend of_______ (they) has bought_______(they) a nice big cake.
2. The fried cabbage is too______ (salt) for us to eat.
3. Eating too much_______ (freeze) food is bad for our health.
4._______ (strawberry) in this season are the most delicious fruit.
5._______ (boil) water is healthier than other drinks.
III. Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?/span>)
1. A: Is there ______ milk in the refrigerator?
??B: Yes, there is still _______ left.
A. some; a little ????B. some; a few C. any; few ???????D. any; a little
2. A: Must I finish my homework now?
??B: _______. You can watch TV for a while.
A. Yes, you must ??????????? ?B. No, you needn't
C. Yes, you need ??????????????D. No, you mustn't
3. The milk has gone sour. Throw _______ away.
A. it ?????????????B. them ?????????????C. their ?????????D. they
4. I am sure he will be back _______ an hour.
A. after ??????????B. in ?????????????C. for ???????????D. to
5. It took _______ half an hour to finish _______ homework.
A. she; her ????B. her; hers ????????????C. her; her ??????????D. hers; her
IV. Rewrite the sentences as required (按要求改寫句子)
1. The lady usually has an apple?after dinner. ??(對劃線部分提問)
________ ________ ________ fruit ________ the lady usually have after dinner?
2. My daughter wants to have chicken soup?tonight. ??(對劃線部分提問)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ your daughter want to have tonight?
3. Mum needs to buy some fresh seafood first. (改為否定句)
Mum ________ ________ to buy ________ fresh seafood first.
4. The fruit cost too much because it was winter. ??(對劃線部分提問)
? ________ ________ _the fruit cost too much?
5. I bought some salted fish at the seafood stall. ??(對劃線部分提問)
________ ________ you buy some salted fish?
Keys:
I. 1. fried eggs with bacon ????2. boiled eggs ????3. fried chicken wings ????4. steamed fish
???5. frozen food ????6. at the vegetable stall ????7. in the seafood section ????8. baked potatoes
II. 1. theirs, them ????2. salty ????3. frozen ????4. Strawberries ????5. Boiled
III. l.D ????2.B ?????3. A ????4. B ?????5. C
IV. 1. What kind of, does ??2. What kind of soup does ??3. doesn't need, any ???4. Why did ??5. Where did
四、必會語法
一、過去分詞不規(guī)則變化表
?
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動詞原形
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過去式
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過去分詞
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be
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was
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been
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have/has
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had
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had
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do
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did
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done
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|
read
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read
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read
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write
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wrote
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written
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make
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made
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made
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|
take
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took
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taken
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|
see
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saw
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seen
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|
say
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said
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said
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|
speak
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spoke
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spoken
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|
buy
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bought
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bought
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|
give
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gave
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given
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|
eat
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ate
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eaten
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come
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came
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come
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go
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went
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gone
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二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法
基本用法：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時，常與時間副詞already（已經(jīng)），yet（還、已經(jīng)），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從不）等連用。
?
◆ already意為“已經(jīng)”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。
1）I've already read this book.? 我已經(jīng)讀過這本書了。
【分析】“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“知道書中的內(nèi)容”。
2）I've washed my clothes already．我已經(jīng)洗了衣服。
【分析】洗衣服的動作已完成，其結(jié)果是“衣服冼干凈了”。
◆ yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中意為“還”，常放在句末。
1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已經(jīng)找到他的手表了嗎？
—No，not yet．不，還沒有。
2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet．
那位婦女還沒有找到她的狗。（沒找到狗，心里著急，這就是對現(xiàn)在的影響）
?
◆ ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。
1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去過香港嗎？
2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她說過話。
?
◆ never意為“從來沒有”常與before連用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。
I have never travelled by plane before．我以前從來沒有乘飛機旅行過。
三、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成
1. 肯定式：主語＋助動詞have ／has ＋過去分詞＋其它
1） My parents and I have been to Century Park during the Mid-autumn Festival.
2） I've just read all the new words. 我剛讀了所有的生詞。 (表示不要再讀了)
3） She has bought some new books. 她已經(jīng)買了些新書。（表示之后會看）
4） We've just cleaned the classroom. 我們剛好打掃了教室。（表明現(xiàn)在教室是干凈的）
這里的have ／has是助動詞，沒有什么具體意義。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時助動詞用has，其余人稱一律用have。 has，have的縮略式分別為's或've。規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成與過去式的構(gòu)成方式一樣，不規(guī)則動詞可參看不規(guī)則動詞表。
?
2. 否定式：主語＋助動詞have ／has＋not＋過去分詞＋其它
1) ?I haven’t been in Shanghai for 10 years
2) ?My grandpas hasn’t been to Hong Kong.
3) ?I haven't finished my homework yet.?我還沒有完成我的作業(yè)。
4）She hasn't travelled on a train. 她沒有坐火車旅行過。
5）We have never spoken to a foreigner. 我們從來沒有和外國人說過話。
有時not可以用never代替，表示“從來沒有”的意思。
6）I have never seen him before．以前我從來沒有見過他。
現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成否定句時，只需在助動詞have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的縮略式分別為haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already時，改為否定時要分別改成any，yet。
?
3. 一般疑問式：助動詞Have ／Has ＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它
把陳述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打問號，同時把句中的some ，already改為any ，ye t就構(gòu)成了一般疑問句?？隙ɑ卮鹩?/span>“Yes ，主語＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主語＋haven't／hasn't．”有時也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。
1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾經(jīng)做過餃子嗎？
—Yes，I have．是的，我做過。
2）—Has she ever been abroad？她曾經(jīng)出過國嗎？
—No，never．不，從來沒有。
3）—Have they found the lost books yet？他們已經(jīng)找到了丟失的書嗎？
—Yes，they have．是的，他們找到了。
當(dāng)句子中有否定詞not ，hardly（幾乎不），never的時候，在改為反意疑問句時，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school，have you ？你以前從來沒有來過我們學(xué)校，是嗎？
練習(xí)：
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)填空
1. __________ they__________ (be) to the U.S.?
—Yes, they have.
2. I__________ already__________ (buy) three books in the bookshop nearby.
3. My grandpa__________ never__________ (be) to that farm.
4. __________ he ever__________ (read) this book?
5. She__________ _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
6. Both of them ___________ __________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
7. The Smiths aren’t at home, are they?
??—No, they__________ __________ (go) to Sichuan, their hometown.
8. –Are you thirsty? ?--No, I ________just ________ (have) some oranges.
Keys:
1. Have, been ??2. have, bought ?3. has, been ??4. Has, read ??5. has lived ??6. have been ?7. have gone
四、介詞at，on，in
表示時間：
in: 后面加時間段。
如：年in 2008，月in August，季節(jié)in spring，上午in the morning，晚上in the evening，下午in the afternoon
on: 后面加某一天。
如：星期on Sunday，節(jié)日on Teachers' Day，前夜on the eve。特別要注意的是當(dāng)morning，afternoon，evening等有修飾成分的時候，表示特定一天的早上、下午和晚上所以也用on，例如：on a cold morning, on the afternoon of Teachers' Day
at: 后面加時間點。
如：時刻at 8:20，正午at noon，午夜at midnight。另外有一些固定搭配：at the moment, at last, at first, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time.
注意：在表示時間的結(jié)構(gòu)中，下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有：next，last，this，that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all, tonight 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow前不用介詞。
介詞during和in后面都可以加一段時間，例如：during 3 days，in three days。但是前者表示三天內(nèi)，而后者表示3天后，這是考試時容易考到的難點，同學(xué)們要特別留心。
表示地點：
in：表示“在……里面”，
on：在……上面，表面相互接觸。
at ：在……旁邊
練習(xí)：
單項選擇
1. Many sportsmen are getting ready ????????the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
??A. to ??????B. with ?????C. for ?????D. on
2. Be careful when you go ????????the street because the traffic is very busy at the moment.
??A. across ???B. behind ???C. between ??D. over
3. Father’s Day came ?????????June 10th?this year.
??A. on ????B. at ?????C. in ????D. during
4. Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam ????????a light heart. Good luck to everyone!
??A. on ????B. with ????C. without ????D. for
5. I have just heard on the radio that Nanjing Road is jammed ????????cars.
??A. in ?????B. on ??????C. with ??????D. at
6. This song reminds me ????????my homeland.
??A. for ????B. of ???????C. across ?????D. at
7. – When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?
??- ??????????????July 1st, 1997.
??A. On ????B. In ???????C. At ????????D. For
8. Oh, it’s you, Ella! Your voice sounds very different ??????????the phone. What’s happening?
??A. from ???B. in ???????C. of ?????????D. on
9. – When does your mother go shopping? – Usually ????????Sunday mornings.
??A. for ?????B. in ???????C. at ??????????D. on
10. Meimei is better than me ??????????singing.
??A. on ??????B. to ??????C. at ??????????D. for
11. Attention, please! There will ?????????a class meeting ????????the morning of May 4th.
??A. have; at ???B. have; on ????C. be; at ?????D. be; on
12. I’d like a cup of coffee ?????????some sugar and milk.
??A. in ????????B. to ??????????C. of ?????????D. with
13. - ??????????one of the people from Wuhu, I’m proud ??????????“Chery (奇瑞)”.
???- Me. too.
??A. For; to ????B. As; of ???????C. With; for ?????D. Of; at
14. – I hear you have got a ticket ????????the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.
???- Yes, I got it ????????my uncle.
??A. for, from ?????B. to, by ?????C. to, from ??????D. for, to
15. My parents go to work ?????????bus every day.
??A. by ?????????B. in ??????????C. on ??????????D. with
16. Miss Gao is standing ??????????all her students.
??A. between ?????B. middle ?????C. centre ??????D. among
17. These coats are different ??????????size.
??A. from ????????B. of ?????????C. to ?????????D. in
18. You can study the grammar ??????????memorizing it.
??A. with ????????B. by ??????????C. on ????????D. at
19. Can you find New York ??????????this map of America.
??A. in ??????????B. at ??????????C. of ??????????D. on
20. The bird flies ??????????the woods.
??A. above ????????B. on ????????C. under ????????D. for
21. I hope all of you can hand ?????????your homework ?????????time every day.
??A. out, in ????????B. in, in ???????C. in, on ???????D. in, at
22. We all agree ??????????you. Let’s start ??????????once.
??A. to, in ????????B. at, for ????????C. with, at ?????D. on, at
23. The doctor was busy operating ??????????the wounded boy ??????????that time.
???A. for, to ????????B. at, for ????????C. with, in ?????????D. on, at
24. Mr. Li said he would show the students ?????????the New York city, which is famous ????????the world.
???A. about, at ???????B. around, in ??????C. though, in ???????D. towards, around
25. My sister usually thinks ??????????her own language first, then she turns her words into English.
???A. in ?????????????B. by ???????????C. with ????????????D. through
1-10 ?CAABC ?BADDC???11-20 DDBA A ?DDBDA???21-25 CCDBA
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