U6
一、詞匯Words
重點(diǎn)詞語搭配
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attack sb. with… ?“用…攻擊某人”
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get on/along (well) with sb “與某人相處(得好)”
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as a result ??“（作為）結(jié)果”
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arrest sb. for sth. ??????“因某事而逮捕某人”
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put up (a good fight) ??“進(jìn)行（激烈地搏斗）”
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make sb. some enemies ?“給某人樹敵”
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be guilty of ….. ??“有……罪”
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against the law ????????“犯法；違法”
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二、語法點(diǎn)撥
間接引語
引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號(hào)“ ”標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號(hào)這叫做間接引語，實(shí)際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外，其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時(shí)，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢?
1. 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變 (口訣：一隨主，二隨賓，三不變)
??人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對(duì)待，要符合邏輯。
2. 時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時(shí)范疇的各種時(shí)態(tài)（實(shí)際也是賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要求），變化如下：
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直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
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間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
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直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
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間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)
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一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
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一般過去時(shí)
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一般過去時(shí)
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過去完成時(shí)
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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
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過去完成時(shí)
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過去完成時(shí)
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過去完成時(shí)（不變）
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現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
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過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
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過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
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過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或不變
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現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
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過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
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?
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?
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3、直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)無須改變的情況
(1) 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候。
(2) 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候。
(3) 當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，如：
??He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
(4) 當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時(shí)間時(shí)，如：
??He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>
??He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
(5) 當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)。
(6) 當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時(shí)。
(7) 當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時(shí)，如：The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——>
??The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
(8) 此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定，不能機(jī)械照搬，如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there, 動(dòng)詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改變。如：
??Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
??Student: What did the teacher say, Monitor?
??Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及某些對(duì)比性的指示代詞和動(dòng)詞變化
(1) 時(shí)間狀語：
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直接引語
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間接引語
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直接引語
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間接引語
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now
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then
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tomorrow
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the next / following day
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today
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that day
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next week
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the next/following week
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yesterday
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the day before
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two days ago
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two days before
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last week
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the week before
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this week
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that week
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(2) 指示代詞：these 變成those
(3) 地點(diǎn)狀語：here變成there
??She said, “I won't come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
(4) 動(dòng)詞：come變成go，bring變成take
5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化
(1) 陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可說told that）
此外主句中的謂語還常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of t-he heavy traffic.
如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列從句，第一個(gè)連詞可以省略，以后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
(2) 直接引語為一般疑問句， 間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——>
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
(3) 直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether…or…表達(dá)，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——> He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——> I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
(4) 直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時(shí)，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask（sb.）來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——>
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
(5) 直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語動(dòng)詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, orde-r, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、人稱及時(shí)態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——> He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——>
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——>
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
(6) 有些含有“建議”、“勸告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me.
(7) 當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請(qǐng)求，建議意義時(shí)，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——>
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
(8) 直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lov-ely day.
【小試牛刀】
1. He asked me ________ with me.
?A. what the matter is ?B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter ?D. what was the matter
2. He asked ________ for the computer.
??A. did I pay how much ?B. I paid how much ???C. how much did I pay ?D. how much I paid
??賓語從句專項(xiàng)習(xí)題
鞏固練習(xí)
1.Have you decided ________for Australia?
A. when will you leave ??????B. when do you leave
C. you will leave when ??????D. when you will leave
2.Can you tell me _________ ?
A. where does Tom live ?B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives
3.The old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema ???????????B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was ??????????D. where was the way to the cinema
4.I think _______ you will like him.
A. that ???B. if ?????C. why ??????D. how
5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not. ?
A. that ??B. whether ??C. weather ??D. how
6.I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes ???????B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost ???????D. how much are these shoes cost
7.She asked me _________
?A. who he was ??B. who was he ?C. who is he ?D. who he is
8.Ask him ___.
A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup
9.I don’t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts ??????????B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie ??????????D. the movie what time starts
10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill ???????B. ?have I been ill ??C. I have been ill ??D. I had been ill
11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.
A. if it rains tomorrow ?????????????B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow ??????????D. if will it rain tomorrow
12.Do you know _________?
A. whose pen is this ????????????????B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to ??????D. whom the pen belong to
13.Could you tell me where _________?
A. the tape was ????B. was the tape ??????C. the tape is ????????D. is the tape
14.They want to know _________?
A. where is the hospital ????B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave ?D. why is the boy crying
15.Tony wanted to know _________.
A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A. when ??????B. whether ????C. where ??????D. if
17.July didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim’s father ??????????B. when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is ???????????D. what was wrong with her watch
18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do ??B. what we should do ??C. what to do ??D. what should we do
19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.
A. how do it ?????????B. how to do ?????????C. what do it ???D. what to do
20.He asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money ?
B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out ??
D. whether I found out the sender of the money
?????????????????能力提高練習(xí)
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
????A. if; Whether ????B. whether; Whether ??????C. if; That ????D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
??A. when does he come ?B. how will he come ???C. if he comes ?D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is?
A. what ?B. how ?C. whether ?D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend ??B. what did he mend ?C. how he mended ?D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
?A. whom is she looking after ???????B. whom she is looking
?C. whom is she looking ????????????D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
??A. he lives ????B. does he live ?????C. he lived ?????D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave ??B. does the train leave ?C. will the train leave ?D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
?A. how the two players are old ?????B. how old are the two players
?C. the two players are how old ?????D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
?A. what is their stockings in ????????B. what is in their stockings
?C. where is their stockings in ???????D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _____.
A. what does Christmas mean ??B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does ??D. what Christmas means
11. I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where
12. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live ???????B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for ?D. where you live in
13. Do you still remember _______?
A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say
14. I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left
15. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
?A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
16. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far / had run
17. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what’s the matter
18. Can you tell me ___________?
A. what are you doing ???B. where do you study C. what you were doing ??D. what to do it
19. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens ?B. where did it happen ??C. how it happened ??D. how did it happen
20.No one tells us______， so we need your help.
A. how we should do ??B. what should we do ??C. how to do it ??D. what to do it
??????????????????直擊中考
1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell ?_______. ?????????.
??A. when UFOs will appear next time ?????B. why do horses know the way
??C. where was this kind of plant found ????D. how do elephants communicate
2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
??----Sorry. I don’t know ?_______. ??????.
??A. when did he go abroad ??????B. why he is going abroad ??
?C. how soon will he be back ?????D. how long he will stay abroad
3. ---May I come in ? I’m sorry I am late.
??----Come in, please. But could you please tell me ?_______. ??
???A. why you are late again ???B. what were you doing then ???
???C. who you talked with ?????D. how do you come to school
4. ---Could you please tell me _______. ?
???----Bus No.32 will take you right there.
??A. where is Henan Museum ?????????B. what Henan Museum is like ??
??C. how can I get to Henan Museum ???D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______. ?.
???A. where they have been ????B. where are they ??
C. where are they from ?????D. where they have gone
6. ---Do you know ?_______the Capital Museum? ??---Next Friday.
??A. when will they visit ?????B. when they will visit
??C. when did they visit ?????D. when they visited
7. He wanted to know _______the English party.
??A. when will we have ?????B. when we will have
??C. when would we have ???D. when we would have
8. I want to know _______. .
??A. when we should arrive at the airport ???B. when should we arrive at the airport
??C. when the airport we should arrive at ???D. when the airport should we arrive at
9.---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ?_______. ?
??----He is a doctor.
??A. who is he ??B. who he is ???C. what is he ???D. what he is
11. ---I wonder _______. without water ??----About a week.
?A. how long man can live ???B. how long can man live
?C. when man can live ??????D. when can man live
??賓語從句鞏固練習(xí)參考答案
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1.參考答案D ?你決定什么時(shí)候去澳大利亞了嗎？賓語從句用陳述語序。
2. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，where作從句的賓語。
3. 參考答案C賓語從句用陳述語序，where表示地點(diǎn)。
4. 參考答案A ?if表示選擇，我想你是否將喜歡他。
5. 參考答案B ?有or not， 所以用whether.
6. 參考答案C 賓語從句用陳述語序.
7. 參考答案A賓語從句用陳述語序,who 作從句的賓語。
8. 參考答案A ?whose是所有格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語。
9. 參考答案A ?賓語從句用陳述語序。
10. 參考答案D 主句是過去時(shí)，從句也要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，醫(yī)生問我之前我已經(jīng)病了，所以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
11. 參考答案C if連接賓語從句，賓語從句用陳述語序。
12. 參考答案B whose是所有格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語。
13. 參考答案C 賓語從句用陳述語序。
14. 參考答案C賓語從句用陳述語序，時(shí)態(tài)不受限制。
15. 參考答案C ?主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭フQ老人是之前就把禮物放進(jìn)襪子里了，所以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
16. 參考答案B ?有or not就用whether.
17. 參考答案D ?賓語從句用陳述語序, 主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
18. 參考答案B 沒有人告訴我們應(yīng)該做什么，所以我們需要你的幫助。賓語從句用陳述語序，如果選B就是沒有人做什么，us后面是賓語從句，而us是賓格不能作從句的主語，所以 C選項(xiàng)缺少賓語從句的主語，應(yīng)選B.
19. 參考答案D我們不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陸地和海洋。What做to do 的賓語。
20. 參考答案D 賓語從句用陳述語序，他問我是否我能找出寄錢的人，主句用過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
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????????????????能力提高練習(xí)參考答案
1. 參考答案D. 前一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示選擇“是否”，后一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句表示將來的動(dòng)作，所以用主將從現(xiàn)。
2. 參考答案D. 我不知道后天他是否回來，賓語從句用陳述語序。
3. 參考答案D. where表示地點(diǎn)，最近的醫(yī)院在哪里。
4. 參考答案C 賓語從句用陳述語序，已經(jīng)說了是修理錄音機(jī)，所以不用what, 而用how.
5. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，whom作照顧的賓語。
6. 參考答案A 主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句不受限制，住在哪里用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語序。
7. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，從句是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
8. 參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序。
9. 參考答案B賓語從句用陳述語序，what在從句中做主語。
10. 參考答案D ?賓語從句用陳述語序，what在從句中做賓語。
11. 參考答案C. 因?yàn)楹竺娴膹木涫钦f他將回家，所以前面應(yīng)該是我不知道他什么時(shí)間回家。
12. 參考答案B. B是陳述語序，D可以用where you live或which you live in.
13. 參考答案B. 賓語從句用陳述語序，what在賓語從句中做said的賓語。
14. 參考答案A. 賓語從句用陳述語序，主句用現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)事實(shí)用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
15. 參考答案C. 客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
16. 參考答案D. 距離多遠(yuǎn)一般用how far，go是個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)該用可以表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。
17. 參考答案A. 主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句要用過去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)，所以C、D排除。What作賓語從句的主語。
18. 參考答案D. what作動(dòng)詞不定式的真正賓語。
19. 參考答案C. 賓語從句用陳述語序，主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也用過去時(shí)態(tài)。
20. 參考答案C. 因?yàn)椴恢鯓幼?，所以需要你的幫助，如果是不知道做什么，?huì)有人告訴你做什么的。如果對(duì)主語提問，則特殊疑問句的語序不變。
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???????????????????????????點(diǎn)擊中考參考答案
1.參考答案A. 我的一些朋友對(duì)自然科學(xué)感興趣，但他們誰也講不出下次不明飛行物出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
2. 參考答案 D. 布朗先生什么時(shí)候回中國(guó)？抱歉。我不知道他會(huì)在國(guó)外待多久。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
3. 參考答案A. 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？很抱歉我遲到了。請(qǐng)進(jìn)，但請(qǐng)你告訴我為什么又遲到了嗎？賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
4. 參考答案 D. 你能告訴我怎樣到河南博物館（我坐幾路車能到河南博物館）嗎？賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
5. 參考答案D. 彼得說懷特一家正在度假，但沒有人知道他們?nèi)チ四睦?。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。They have been to他們?nèi)ミ^某個(gè)地方，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了；they have gone to他們?nèi)チ四硞€(gè)地方，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來。
6. 參考答案B. 你知道他們什么時(shí)候參觀首都博物館嗎？下周五。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
7. 參考答案D. 你想知道我們什么時(shí)候舉辦英語聯(lián)歡會(huì)。當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候，賓語從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
8. 參考答案A. 我想知道我們應(yīng)該什么時(shí)候到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
9. 參考答案D. David,看那邊那個(gè)穿白衣服的人，你能告訴我他是干什么的嗎？他是醫(yī)生。詢問職業(yè)用what；賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
10. 參考答案C. 你能告訴我蒂姆在哪里嗎？班主任在找他。對(duì)不起，我不知道。但是他剛才在這里。動(dòng)詞tell后接的賓從應(yīng)用陳述語序，just now提示應(yīng)該用was.
11. 參考答案B. 金太太留口信了嗎？是的，她想知道這個(gè)周日你是否跟她一起去購(gòu)物。
12. 參考答案A. 我是一個(gè)青少年的媽媽。有時(shí)我不知道我的兒子最需要什么。愛和理解。賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。Love and understanding.故用what.
13. 參考答案A. 我想知道，沒有水人能活多久。大約一周。About a week知詢問應(yīng)用how long，賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序。
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