U2
?？级陶Z：
paper cutting 剪紙
set off 動(dòng)身，出發(fā)
after dark 天黑后，黃昏后
4.all the time 一直，始終
5.up to 到達(dá)（某數(shù)量、程度等）；至多有
6.up and down 起伏，上下波動(dòng)
7.no more 不再，再也不
8.tie...around 拴……在……周圍
9.cut out 剪成
10.in the shape of 以……的形狀
11.put on 穿上；上演
12.close to 靠近
13.put up 張貼
14.a piece of 一片，一條
15.after dark 天黑后
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知識(shí)講解及拓展
1 used to & be used to doing &be used to do
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Used to do sth
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過去常常做某事
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只用于過去時(shí)態(tài)
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He used to go to school by bike.
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Be used to doing
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習(xí)慣于
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可用于過去，現(xiàn)在，將來等時(shí)態(tài)
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He is used to going to school.
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Be used to do
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被用于......
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可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)
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=be used for doing
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Eg:?1 --How is your grandma?
???--She is fine. She used to ________TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _________ out for a walk.
??A watch, go ???B watching,go ??C watching,going ??D watch,going
??2 ?Bamboo can _______paper.
??A used to make ??B be used make ??C be used to make ??D be used to making
2 although 雖然，盡管
???與though同義，用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。不能與but同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中。Although比較正式，
常用于句首；though多用于非正式文體，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
Eg: --The boy can speak both English and Japanese_____he is only ten. --Wow, what a clever boy.
???A if ??B because ??C although
3 fit ?adj. 健壯的，健康的 ?v. 合適，側(cè)重于尺寸，大小合適。
??To keep fit, she eats a lot of vegetables and fruits.
??This coat doesn’t fit me.
4 up to ?到達(dá)，至多有； up to now ?到現(xiàn)在為止=by now
??His storybooks are up to 50.
5 set off ?出發(fā)，動(dòng)身=set out
??They set off at night.
6 get/be ready for ??為......做好準(zhǔn)備， ?be ready ?準(zhǔn)備好的..... Be ready to do sth ??準(zhǔn)備做某事
??Mother gets ready for dinner.
??Tom is ready for the exam.
??Are you ready?
??I’m ready to go.
7 tie...around..栓......在......周圍
?The girl ties a scarf around her neck.
?Tie to ??把......系在......
He tied the horse to a tree.
Tie up ?系好，捆好
Please tie up your safety belt.
8 stop ...from doing ?阻止.......做......=prevent ...from=keep ...from
??The heavy rain prevented/kept us from climbing the mountain.
9 reach&get&arrive
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Reach
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及物動(dòng)詞，后直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞
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Get
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Get to +地點(diǎn)名詞； get here/the
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Arrive
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Arrive at+小地點(diǎn)；arrive in+大地點(diǎn)；可當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞：He arrived.
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10 hang 懸掛，吊
??懸掛： hang-hung-hung; ?絞死，吊死： hang-hanged-hanged
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11 throw短語
??Throw ...into ??把......扔進(jìn).... ?????Throw away ??扔掉 ???throw off ??匆匆脫掉 ?throw at ?向......扔去
??He threw a stone into the river.
??Throw away those old newspapers.
??Don’t throw off your coat. It’s cold outside.
??Tom threw stones at my dog.
12 require& need
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Require
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及物動(dòng)詞
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Require to be done; require doing;require sb to do
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Need
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及物動(dòng)詞
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Need to do; need to be done; need doing
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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
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Need do
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?Plants require watering every day.
?They require that I should appear.
?I need to buy a new bike.
?The room needs to be cleaned.
?You needn’t come.
13 no more& no longer
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No more
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不再
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常用來修飾非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示今后不再重復(fù)以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多指數(shù)量上不再增加，程度不再加深。=not ...anymore
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No longer
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不再
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相當(dāng)于not ...any longer,在句中起副詞作用，用來修飾延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指某事從時(shí)間上講以后不再發(fā)生，其時(shí)間不再延續(xù)。
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He no more comes.
We are no longer students.
He is no more a student.= He isn’t a student any more.
14 mistake ?錯(cuò)誤
?Make a mistake ?犯錯(cuò)誤 ????by mistake ??錯(cuò)誤地，無意中
?Mistake A for B ??把A錯(cuò)認(rèn)成B
?He makes a lot of mistakes in grammar.
?I took her umbrella by mistake.
?I often mistake Lucy for Lily.
15 after&later
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After
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介詞
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常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)，after+一段時(shí)間表示某段時(shí)間后
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Later
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副詞
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常用于過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，一段時(shí)間+later
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形容詞
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意為“后來的”，修飾名詞
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After two years, he died in London.
Tom left for Shanghai two weeks later.
16 keep 短語
Keep sb/sth + 形容詞： 使......保持......; keep +形容詞：保持某種狀態(tài)； keep (sb) doing： 不停地做某事
?Coats will keep you warm.
?We should keep out school clean and tidy.
?The shop keeps open twelve hours a day.
?Don’t keep talking.
17 名詞+y=形容詞
??Health(健康）+y=healthy（健康的） ?luck(幸運(yùn)）+y=lucky（幸運(yùn)的）
In good/bad/poor health 健康狀況好/不好 ??keep healthy ??保持健康
For luck ??為了吉利； bad luck ?倒霉 ??good luck ?好運(yùn)
18 be made from& be made of
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Be made from
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由......制成；看不出原材料
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Be made of
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由......制成；看得出原材料
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Be made up of
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由......組成
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Be made into
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被制成.....
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Be made in
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在......制造
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They made wine from rice.
Paper is made from wood.
The house is made of wood,
The doll is made up of four parts.
19 voice&noise&sound
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Voice
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嗓音；指喉嚨發(fā)出的聲音
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Noise
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噪聲
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Sound
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泛指一切聲音
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一、基本概念
語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語而是由其他人或物完成的，則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
二、語態(tài)的分類及構(gòu)成
1. 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種：一種是主動(dòng)語態(tài)（主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者），另一種是被動(dòng)語態(tài)（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者）。
?2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
1） 助動(dòng)詞be +（not）+（及物動(dòng)詞的）過去分詞?
此時(shí)，由助動(dòng)詞be來反映時(shí)態(tài)的變化，常見有以下八種形式：
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一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
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am
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+過去分詞
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is
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are
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一般過去時(shí)
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was
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+過去分詞
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were
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一般將來時(shí)
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will
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+be+過去分詞
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shall
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現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
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have
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+been+過去分詞
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has
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?
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現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
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am
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+being+過去分詞
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is
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are
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過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
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was
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+過去分詞
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were
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過去將來時(shí)
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would
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+be+過去分詞
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should
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過去完成時(shí)
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had
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+been+過去分詞
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2） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +（not）+ be +（及物動(dòng)詞的）過去分詞
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