2019-2020學(xué)年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法備考秘籍 — 定語(yǔ)從句
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【知識(shí)方法】 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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????????????????????先行詞：名詞或代詞 ???????
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定語(yǔ)從句
????????????????????????????????????關(guān)系代詞
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???????????????????關(guān)系詞 ??
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???????????????????????????????????關(guān)系副詞
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??【 知 識(shí) 清 單】?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????定 語(yǔ) 從 句
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知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。
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定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞 叫先行詞。 定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。本章只介紹限定性定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that、which、who、 which、 whose和關(guān)系副詞where 、when，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞是引導(dǎo)詞， 在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某一成份。
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關(guān)系代詞、副詞
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作用
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先行詞
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例句
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that， ?who，
whom(只做賓語(yǔ))
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主語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)
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人
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Do you know the girl who／that is standing?under a tree?
你知道站在樹(shù)下的女孩是誰(shuí)嗎?
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that，which
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主語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)
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物、時(shí)間、地
點(diǎn)、原因
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She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her．
她有一臺(tái)她的父母買給她的電腦。
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whose
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定語(yǔ)
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人物
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The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard．
他的爸爸是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?。
The classroom whose window is open is mine．
窗戶開(kāi)著的那個(gè)教室是我的教室。
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when
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狀語(yǔ)
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時(shí)間
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I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing．
我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。
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where
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狀語(yǔ)
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地點(diǎn)
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This is the school where ?my ?mother works．
這就是我媽媽工作的學(xué)校。
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why
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狀語(yǔ)
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原因
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Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?
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二、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法(關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略)：
1．that指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
This is the pen?that?you are looking for.
The girl that?has long hair is my sister.
2．which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
The bike which?is made in Tianjin sells well.
The fish which?we bought were not fresh.
3．who, whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
The boy who?broke the window is called Tom.
The person to whom?he is talking is my father.正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。(賓語(yǔ))
4．whose指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。
The girl whose?bag is new is called Ann.新書包的那個(gè)女孩叫Ann。(指人)
He lives in a house whose?widows open to the south.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子。(指物)
三、只用which不用that的情況：
1．在介詞后只用which，不能用that。
This is the bank in which the robbery happened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。
2．先行詞本身是that時(shí)，只能用which，不能用that。
The clock is?that which tells the time.鐘表是用來(lái)報(bào)時(shí)的。
四、只用that不用which的情況：
1．先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that。
This is?the most beautiful?mountain that I have seen. 這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最美麗的山。
2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that。
The first?English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我讀的第一本英文小說(shuō)是《39級(jí)臺(tái)階》。
3. 先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that。
Here are?all the books that I have. 這就是我所有的書。
This is?the only book that I like.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書。
4．先行詞是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。
Finally, the thief handed in everything?that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。
5．先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”的名詞時(shí)，只能用that。
I can remember?the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫。
6．先行詞是the one時(shí)，只能用that。
This is the one that you want. 這就是你想要的。
7．在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that。
Who?is the girl that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？
五、在介詞后只能用whom，不能用who。
The girl?to whom I talked just now is from America. 我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來(lái)自美國(guó)的。
六、定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致的問(wèn)題：
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系)。
Tom is one of the boys who are?from the USA. Tom是眾多來(lái)自美國(guó)的男孩中的一個(gè)。
Tom is the only?boy that?is?from the USA. Tom是惟一從美國(guó)來(lái)的男孩。
七、定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞與副詞的問(wèn)題：
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要加介詞或副詞。(定語(yǔ)從句中的不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。)
He is the old man who/whom we looked after?last year.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。
That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的書。
八、關(guān)系副詞when與where的使用：
1．when指時(shí)間：
I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)的那段時(shí)光。
2．where指地點(diǎn)(where=in等介詞＋which)：
This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.這是他去年住的房子。
九、定語(yǔ)從句與作定語(yǔ)的①動(dòng)詞不定式、②介詞短語(yǔ)、③現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、④過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換：
She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有許多要做的工作。
The man in the car?is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car?is Mr. Green.在車上的人是格林先生。
The girl watering flowers there?is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there?is my sister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。
The boy saved in the river?has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river?has come back to life.從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)了。
1. 用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子。
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The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.
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The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith.
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A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
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I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea.
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A letter ______ /_____ is written in pencil is hard to read.
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The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
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That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ / ______ you are looking for.
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Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting？
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This is the school ______ I used to study.
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I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.
【答案】
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who/that
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who/that/whom/不填
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whose
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whose
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Which/that
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Which/that/不填
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Who/that/whom/不填
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Why
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Where
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when
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