形容詞
第一章 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變化一覽表規(guī)則變化
1. 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞尾加上 “er” “est” 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí):
bright(明亮的)—brighter—brightest broad(廣闊的)—broader—broadest cheap(便宜的)—cheaper—cheapest clean(干凈的)—cleaner—cleanest clever(聰明的)—cleverer—cleverest cold(寒冷的)—colder—coldest cool(涼的)—cooler—coolest dark(黑暗的)—darker—darkest
dear(貴的)—dearer—dearest deep(深的)—deeper—deepest fast(迅速的)—faster—fastest few(少的)—fewer—fewest
great(偉大的)—greater—greatest ?hard(困難的,硬的)—harder—hardest high(高的)—higher—highest kind(善良的)—kinder—kindest light(輕的)—lighter—lightest long( 長(zhǎng) 的 )—longer—longest loud(響亮的)—louder—loudest low(低的)—lower—lowest
near(近的)—nearer—nearest new(新的)—newer—newest
poor(窮的)—poorer—poorest quick(快的)—quicker—quickest quiet(安靜的)—quieter—quietest rich(富裕的)—richer—richest short(短的)—shorter—shortest slow( 慢 的 )—slower—slowest small(小的)—smaller—smallest smart(聰明的)—smarter—smartest soft(柔軟的)—softer—softest ?strong(強(qiáng)壯的)—stronger—strongest sweet(甜的)—sweeter—sweetest tall( 高 的 )-taller - tallest thick(厚的)—thicker—thickest warm( 溫 暖 的 )—warmer—warmest weak(弱的)—weaker—weakest young(年輕的)—younger—youngest
2?以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞(即重讀閉音節(jié)詞),雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音字母 er,
-est
big(大的)—bigger—biggest fat(胖的)—fatter—fattest
hot(熱的)—hotter—hottest red( 紅 的 )—redder—reddest sad(傷心的)—sadder—saddest thin(瘦的)—thinner—thinnest wet(濕的)—wetter—wettest mad(瘋的)—madder—maddest
特別提醒:new, few, slow, clean?等詞含有字母組合,且發(fā)的是長(zhǎng)元音,不用雙寫(xiě)。
3.?以不發(fā)音的字母?e?結(jié)尾的形容詞,加上?“r” “st”?構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí): able(能干的)—abler—ablest brave(勇敢的)—braver—bravest
close(接近的)—closer—closest fine(好的,完美的)—finer—finest large(巨大的)—larger—largest late(遲的)—later—latest
nice(好的)—nicer—nicest ripe(成熟的)—riper—ripest
rude(粗魯?shù)模猺uder—rudest safe(安全的)—safer—safest strange(奇怪的)—stranger—strangest?wide(寬廣的)—wider—widest wise(睿智的,聰明的)—wiser—wisest?white(白的)—whiter—whitest
4.?“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞改 y?為 i,再加-er, -est
busy(忙碌的)—busier—busiest dirty( 臟 的 )—dirtier—dirtiest dry(干燥的)—drier—driest early(早的)—earlier—earliest easy(容易的)—easier—easiest friendly(友好的)—friendlier—friendliest funny(好玩的)—funnier—funniest happy(開(kāi)心的)—happier—happiest healthy(健康的)—healthier—healthiest heavy(重的)—heavier—heaviest hungry(餓的)—hungrier—hungriest lazy(懶惰的)—lazier—laziest lucky(幸運(yùn)的)—luckier—luckiest naughty(調(diào)皮的)—naughtier—naughtiest noisy(嘈雜的)—noisier—noisiest pretty(美麗的)—prettier—prettiest silly(傻的)—sillier—silliest spicy(辣的)—spicier—spiciest thirsty(渴的)—thirstier—thirstiest ugly(丑的)—uglier—ugliest
5.?雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)形容詞(即音標(biāo)中含有三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上元音音素的詞),在單詞前面加上“more” “most” 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)、最高級(jí):
afraid( 害 怕 的 )—more afraid—most afraid beautiful(美麗的)—more beautiful—most beautiful careful( 仔 細(xì) 的 )—more careful—most careful cheerful( 開(kāi) 心 的 )—more cheerful—most cheerful crowded( 擁 擠 的 )—more crowded—most crowded dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)—more dangerous—most dangerous delicious(美味的)—more delicious—most delicious difficult(困難的)—more difficult—most difficult exciting(令人興奮的)—more exciting—most exciting expensive(昂貴的)—more expensive—most expensive famous(著名的)—more famous—most famous
frightened( 受 驚 的 )—more frightened—most frightened frightening(令人害怕的)—more frightening—most frightening hard-working(勤奮的)—more hard-working—most hard-working helpful(有幫助的)—more helpful—most helpful
honest( 誠(chéng) 實(shí) 的 )—more honest—most honest important(重要的)—more important—most important
interesting(有趣的)—more interesting—most interesting polite(有禮貌的)—more polite—most polite
terrible(可怕的)—more terrible—most terrible tired(累的)—more tired—most tired
特別提醒:以形容前綴?un?構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況, 如:unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest
6.?以形容詞+ly?構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加 more,most
Slowly-more?slowly-most?slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly 特別提醒:early?-earlier-earliest
7.?由 ing?分詞和-ed?分詞演變過(guò)來(lái)的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如 know→known)只能加 more 或 most?來(lái)表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
interesting- more?interesting -most interesting excited- more?excited?- most?exciting
tired- more?tired?- most?tired boring-more boring -most?boring
不規(guī)則變化
bad(壞的)—worse—worst
far(遠(yuǎn)的)—farther—farthest (far—further—furthest) good(好的)—better—best
ill(病的)—worse—worst little(少的)—less—least many( 多 的 )—more—most much(多的)—more—most
old(年老的)—older—oldest ( old—elder—eldest) well(好的,身體好的)—better—best
特別提醒:
◇?further?不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)”,還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個(gè)詞組:further study(進(jìn)修)
further?education(繼續(xù)教育) further?information?(進(jìn)一步的信息)
◇?elder?僅用于同輩之間的排行,如:?elder?sister(姐姐) elder brother?(哥哥)
◇?less?作為“更少”僅用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用 fewer。
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