2018年英語中考歸納復(fù)習(xí)專題：主謂一致
【主謂一致】
語法一致原則語法一致是指句子的主語和謂語通常在語法形式上保持一致。即主語是單數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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使用情況
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例句
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當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、單數(shù)代詞、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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A?girl?is?singing?on?the?stage.一個女孩正在舞臺上唱歌。
They?have?been?there?twice.他們?nèi)ミ^那兒兩次了。
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當(dāng)單個不定式(短語)/動名詞(短語)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
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Reading?is?a?good?way?of?learning.閱讀是一種好的學(xué)習(xí)方式。
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當(dāng)and或both...and...連接并列主語表示兩個或兩個以上的人或物時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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Both?her?father?and?her?mother?are?teachers.她的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。
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當(dāng)不定代詞either,neither,one,much,everything,somebody,anything等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
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Everyone?is?ready?for?the?sports?meeting.每個人都為運動會做好了準備。
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當(dāng)each,each...(and?each...),every...(and?every...)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
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Every?boy?and?every?girl?has?the?right?to?receive?education.每個男孩和女孩都有接受教育的權(quán)利。
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當(dāng)“one?of+名詞/代詞復(fù)數(shù)”(表示“……之一”)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
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One?of?these?books?is?written?by?my?uncle.這些書中有一本是我叔叔寫的。
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當(dāng)主語后接有with,along/together?with,as?well?as,including,besides,like,except,but等詞或短語時，謂語動詞的形式由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。
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Diana,together?with?her?friends,are?flying?kites?in?the?park.戴安娜和她的朋友們正在公園里放風(fēng)箏。
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當(dāng)“a?number?of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)“the?number?of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
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A?number?of?girls?are?playing?tennis?there.很多女孩在那兒打網(wǎng)球。
The?number?of?the?men?teachers?in?our?school?is?more?than?50.我們學(xué)校男教師的人數(shù)超過了50。
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當(dāng)“a?lot?of/lots?of/plenty?of/most?of/the?rest?of+名詞”或“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+名詞”等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞。若名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若名詞是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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Lots?of?boys?in?our?school?are?fond?of?playing?football.我們學(xué)校很多男孩喜歡踢足球。
Two?thirds?of?the?work?has?been?finished.三分之二的工作已經(jīng)做完了。
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注意：由and連接的并列主語如果是指同一概念(即and后面無冠詞),則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and professor is very popular in our school.這位作家兼教授在我們學(xué)校很受歡迎。
【考點訓(xùn)練1】
1.The book ___________ (describe) how tea plants ______ (was) grown and used to make tea.
2.One of the world’s most dangerous sports _____ (be) mountain climbing.
3.Jim together with his parents ____ (be) going to travel next week.
4.Both Tom and Peter ______ (like) playing ping-pong.
5.If a shark doesn’t have a fin,it can no longer swim and slowly ______ (die).
6.The mayor(市長) as well as volunteer workers ____ the newly-built stadium. （ ?????）
A.were cleaning ?????????????????????B.are cleaning
C.is cleaning ??????????????????????????D.have cleaned
7.About 60 percent of the students ___ from the south;the rest of them ___ from the north and foreign countries. （ ????）
A.are;is ???????????????????????????????????????B.is;is
C.is;are ???????????????????????????????????????D.are;are
答案：describes were?is is like dies C D
意義一致原則
意義一致又叫概念一致，即謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語表達的概念。
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使用情況
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例句
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表示時間、距離、金錢、價格、重量、長度等的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常被看作是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
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Ten?years?is?a?long?time.十年是一段很長的時間。
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集體名詞(family,team,crowd,class,group等）如果表示集體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示集體中的成員，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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My?family?all?like?watching?sports?on?TV.我的家人都喜歡在電視上觀看體育節(jié)目。
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politics，physics，works，the?United?States，news,maths?等詞作主語時,雖以s結(jié)尾,但表示單數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
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Maths?is?difficult?to?learn.數(shù)學(xué)很難學(xué)。
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形式上雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，如people,police,cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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The?police?are?looking?for?the?two?missing?children.警察正在尋找那兩個失蹤的孩子。
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“the+形容詞”作主語時，表示某一類人，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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The?old?in?our?town?are?taken?good?care?of.我們鎮(zhèn)上的老人被照顧得很好。
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trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,shorts等詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果前面有a?pair?of，two?pairs?of?等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與pair保持一致。
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That?pair?of?jeans?is?too?expensive.那條牛仔褲太貴了。
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“the+姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“……一家”或“……夫婦”，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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The?Smiths?are?in?Beijing?now.史密斯一家現(xiàn)在在北京。
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【考點訓(xùn)練2】
用is,are填空。
1.Twenty dollars ____ enough to buy that T-shirt.
2.Look! The police ____ carrying the food onto the bank of the river.
3.Maths ____ the language of science.
4.This pair of glasses _____ mine.
5.The injured in the tsunami（海嘯）_____ ?good care of by some medical teams. （ ????）
A.is taken
B.are being taken
C.are taking
D.is being taken
答案：is are is is B
就近一致原則
有時謂語動詞的形式與主語并不一致,而是與最靠近它的名詞或代詞一致,這種原則叫“就近一致”原則。
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使用情況
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例句
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在There?be句型中,be動詞須與鄰近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
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There?is?a?book?and?two?notebooks?on?the?desk.桌子上有一本書和兩本筆記本。
There?are?two?notebooks?and?a?book?on?the?desk.桌子上有兩本筆記本和一本書。
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由either...or...,neither...nor...,not?only...but?(also)...,not...but...或or連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞與鄰近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
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Not?only?the?students?but?also?the?teacher?enjoys?listening?to?the?song.不僅是學(xué)生，就連老師也喜歡聽這首歌。
Neither?you?or?he?is?wrong.你沒錯，他也沒錯。
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【考點訓(xùn)練3】
1.Either you or I ___ going to the teachers’ office after class. （ ????）
A.am ??????????????B.is ?????????????C.are ????????????????D.will
2.There ____ a table and some chairs in the dining room. （ ????）
A.are ??????????????B.am ???????????C.is ??????????????????D.were
答案：A C
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【考題熱身】
1.There _____ ?a book and four pens on the desk. （ ??????）
A.has ????????????????????????????????????????B.is
C.are ?????????????????????????????????????????D.have
2.We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports ____ football. （ ???）
A.Am ?????????????B.is ???????????????C.are ??????????????????D.be
3.Not only my parents but also my sister _____ crazy about the TV play In the Name of People. （ ???）
A.is ????????????????????????????????????B.are
C.am ?????????????????????????????????D.have been
4.Mary ___ is my friend,as well as her sisters, ____ Chinese in China. （ ????）
A.that;are studying ????????????B.which;have studied
C.who;study ??????????????????????D.who;studies
5.—Mum,____ of my classmates ____ glasses.
—Oh,my God.You need to protect your eyes well.
（ ?????）
A.three-fourths;wears
B.three-fourth;wear
C.three-fourth;wears
D.three-fourths;wear
6.Look! There ____ a photo of our English teacher in today’s newspaper! （ ????）
A.is ????????????????????????????????????????B.are
C.have ???????????????????????????????????D.has
答案：BBADDA
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