2018年英語中考歸納復習專題：數(shù)詞
【數(shù)詞】
表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類，基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的多少，序數(shù)詞表示順序。
????????????????????基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞
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基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
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數(shù)字
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基數(shù)詞形式
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示例
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0~12
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獨立詞
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zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve
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13~19
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個位數(shù)+teen(13,15,18稍特殊)
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thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen
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20~90
(整十)
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個位數(shù)+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有變化)
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twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety
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21~99
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(非整十)整十位數(shù)+“”+個位數(shù)
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twentyone?21，fiftyfive?55
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101~999
(非整百)
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百位數(shù)與十位數(shù)或個位數(shù)之間用and連接。
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five?hundred?and?nine?509，two?hundred?and?thirtyfive?235
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幾百、
幾千等
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在hundred,thousand等詞前加基數(shù)詞。
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one?hundred，two?thousand
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?
?
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序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
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數(shù)字
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序數(shù)詞變化規(guī)則
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示例
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1~3
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特殊變化
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first，second,third
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4~19
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對應的基數(shù)詞+th(第5,8,9,12稍不同)
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fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth，ninth,tenth,eleventh,
twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,
fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,
eighteenth,nineteenth
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20~90
(整十)
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將對應的基數(shù)詞變ty為tie，再加-th
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twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth
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21~99,
101~999
(整十、整
百除外)
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只將個位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞
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twentyfirst,thirtyfifth，one?hundred?and?twentyninth
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整百、
整千等
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在hundred，thousand等詞詞尾加-th
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two?hundredth,one?thousandth
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?
注意：序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯數(shù)字加序數(shù)詞的后兩個字母構(gòu)成。
如：first-1st ??sixth-6th ?????????
????巧記口訣：??
????????????基變序，有規(guī)律，結(jié)尾加上th;
?????????????一二三，特殊記，結(jié)尾字母t,d,d;
?????????????八去t，九去e，f來把ve替;
??????????ty將y變ie，后加th別忘記；
?????????????要是遇到幾十幾，只變個位就可以。
3.基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的用法
(1)表示數(shù)量(用基數(shù)詞)。如：I have six pencils.我有六支鉛筆。
(2)表示時刻(用基數(shù)詞)
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表達法
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示例
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時在前,分在后
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7:45?seven?forty-five
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分在前,
時在后
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在30分鐘（含30分鐘）以內(nèi)時，用“分鐘數(shù)+past+時數(shù)”表示
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8:20?twenty?past?eight
10:15?fifteen?past?ten
12:30?half?past?twelve
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超過30分鐘時，用“分鐘數(shù)+to+下一時數(shù)”表示
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6:47?thirteen?to?seven
9:56?four?to?ten
11:40?twenty?to?twelve
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幾刻鐘
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二刻鐘two?quarters
九點一刻a?quarter?past?nine
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(3)表示年齡(用基數(shù)詞)
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表達法
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示例
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①基數(shù)詞(+years?old)，基數(shù)詞>1時，year用復數(shù)
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He’s?four（years?old).他四歲了。
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②基數(shù)詞yearold，常作定語，year用單數(shù)
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She’s?an?eightyearold?girl.她是一個八歲的女孩。
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③“at?the?age?of+基數(shù)詞”表示“在……歲時”
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at?the?age?of?ten在十歲時
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④“in?one’s+整十的復數(shù)形式”表示“在某人幾十多歲時”
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in?his?forties在他四十多歲時
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表示編號
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表達法
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示例
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①名詞+基數(shù)詞(首字母大寫)
②the+序數(shù)詞+名詞(首字母不大寫)
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第一課Lesson?One=the?first?lesson
第九頁Page?Nine=the?ninth?page
九年級三班Class?Three,Grade?Nine
207房間Room?207
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(5)表示日期(年、月、日)、年代及世紀
年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞，讀時前面加定冠詞the。年份可整體讀,也可以先讀前兩位數(shù),再讀后兩位數(shù)。
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內(nèi)容
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表達法
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示例
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月,日,
年
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月+the+序數(shù)詞,年
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1998年6月3日
June?the?third，nineteen?ninetyeight
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日,月,
年
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the+序數(shù)詞+of+月,年
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2009年8月25?日
the?twentyfifth?of?August，two?thousand?and?nine
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年代
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“in?the+年份的復數(shù)形式”表示“在幾世紀幾十年代”
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在20年紀40年代?in?the?1940s/1940’s/nineteen?forties
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世紀
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“the+序數(shù)詞+century”或“the+百位進數(shù)+’s”
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在21世紀in?the?twentyfirst/21st?century
in?the?1900’s在20世紀
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（6）表示分數(shù)、倍數(shù)
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分數(shù)
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分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞
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分子為1時,分母用單數(shù)
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分子>1時,分母加s
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?????????1/5?one?fifth
注意:1/2通常用a/one?half
?????????1/4通常用a/one?quarter
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2/3two?thirds
5/6?five?sixths
4/7?four?sevenths
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倍數(shù)
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twice表示兩倍,兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞+times表示，如：five?times五倍
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注意：
(1)序數(shù)詞前面通常要加定冠詞the，若序數(shù)詞前有my，his等限定詞修飾時，則不加the。如：My parents are in the second photo.我父母在第二張照片里。
(2)序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞a/an,表示“又一；再一”。如：You’ve tried two times.Why not try a third time? 你已經(jīng)試了兩次。為何不再試一次呢？
(3)“基數(shù)詞+more+復數(shù)名詞”表示“又；再”，通?？膳c“another+基數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)互換使用。如：Lucy gave me two more apples.
=Lucy gave me another two apples.
露西又給了我兩個蘋果。
【考點訓練1】
1.Helen loves reading.She has read ____ (five) books this month.
2.Sunday is the ______ (one) day of a week.
3.Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her _____________ (seventeen) birthday.
4.You’d better take this medicine ______ (two) a day.
5.Boys and girls，please turn to Page ___ and look at the ___ picture. （ ???）
A.Sixth;six ?????????????????????????????????B.Six;six
C.Six;sixth ?????????????????????????????????D.Sixth;sixth
答案：five ??first??seventeenth ?twice ??C
?
?
概數(shù)詞
1.表示確切的數(shù)字（具體數(shù)字+概數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞）hundred，thousand，million等詞與具體數(shù)字（如one，two）連用時，要用單數(shù)形式（其后不加s），一般不與of連用。如：
three hundred students三百名學生
2.表示不確切的數(shù)字（概數(shù)詞加s+of+復數(shù)名詞）hundred，thousand，million等詞與of連用時，要用復數(shù)形式（其后加s），此時前面不能再加數(shù)字。如：thousands of people成千上萬的人
【考點訓練2】
1.There are about five ________ (thousand) students in our school.
2. _______（million) of people in the world are sending and receiving emails every day.
3.It is reported that people throw ___ plastic bags along this street every week. （ ???）
A.hundred ??B.hundreds ??C.hundred of ??D.hundreds of
答案：thousand???Millions ?D
【考題熱身】
1.The ____________________（thirteen) Games of China will be held in Tianjin from August 27 to September 8.
2.My school is going to have an open day on the ______（ten) of next month.
3.Yancheng has the ________（two) largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province.
4.Jim’s aunt bought him a new model ship on his ?________（seven) birthday.
5.The boy got the ______（one) place in the singing competition.
6.—How old is your daughter?
— _____ .We had a special party for her ___ birthday yesterday.（ ?????）
A.Nine;nine ??????????????????????????????B.Nine;ninth
C.Ninth;ninth ????????????????????????????D.Ninth;nine
7.Two ____ students in our school are from the countryside. （ ????）
A.hundred of ?????????????????????B.hundreds of
C.hundred ????????????????????????D.hundreds
8.—“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently.
—Yeah,it receives ___ Internet hits a day. （ ???）
A.thousands ?????????????????????????B.thousands of
C.thousand ???????????????????????????D.hundreds
9.There are twelve boys and thirteen girls in Class Four,which means ___ students in total.
（ ????）
A.33 ????????????????B.25 ??????????????????C.13 ???????????????????D.12
10.___ of the land in that town ___ covered with trees and grass. （ ????）
A.Two fifth;is ?????????????????????????B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is ???????????????????????D.Two fifths;are
答案：1.Thirteenth/thirteenth/13th 2.tenth 3.second 4.seventh 5.first 6.B 7.C8.B 9.B10.C
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