初中階段,英語聽力始終是許多學(xué)生難以攻克的丟分項(xiàng)。許多人在放音開始之后,就心煩意亂,完全不知道聽到的信息哪些是重點(diǎn),哪些是無用的干擾項(xiàng)。
其實(shí),想要掌握英語聽力的信息重點(diǎn)還是有跡可循的。今天,海小風(fēng)就帶領(lǐng)同學(xué)們來分析一下初中英語聽力試題的特點(diǎn)及重難點(diǎn),也幫同學(xué)們匯總了英語聽力最常出現(xiàn)的10大場景的核心關(guān)鍵詞,希望能夠幫助同學(xué)們在聽力考試中保持鎮(zhèn)定,有的放矢,趕快收藏起來吧!
想要做好英語聽力,首先要弄明白英語聽力的特點(diǎn)及重難點(diǎn)是什么。
英語聽力的特點(diǎn)及重難點(diǎn)
一、英語聽力的特點(diǎn)是什么?
涉及話題廣,與工作、學(xué)習(xí)、生活密切相關(guān):
如校園生活、人物關(guān)系、計(jì)劃與約定、生活習(xí)慣及愛好、購物、天氣、旅游、就醫(yī)、交通、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等話題。
以獲取事實(shí)性信息為主:
即試題的提問,圍繞以下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行:what/which,why,where,when,how,who/possible relationship,how much,how often。
語速中等,對(duì)話中不會(huì)強(qiáng)化考點(diǎn):
但考生可通過說話人的語氣和情緒進(jìn)行判斷。
二、英語聽力的難點(diǎn)是什么?
話題熟悉,詞匯陌生:
比如對(duì)題干或選項(xiàng)中的詞匯的理解有偏差;對(duì)個(gè)別詞的拼寫不準(zhǔn)確,尤其是多音節(jié)詞。
缺乏預(yù)判,錯(cuò)過細(xì)節(jié):
聽音過程中,審題時(shí)對(duì)題目的預(yù)判不夠,在聽音時(shí)抓不到細(xì)節(jié),以致錯(cuò)過獲取關(guān)鍵信息的機(jī)會(huì)。
專有名詞,存在盲點(diǎn):
對(duì)專有名詞,如地點(diǎn)等的書寫習(xí)慣(如大小寫)不熟悉。
人物關(guān)系,難以理清:
無法從對(duì)話中提取有效信息,不能確定說話雙方的關(guān)系。
記錄不準(zhǔn),信息混淆:
對(duì)信息的提取、記錄不準(zhǔn)確,從而截取了錯(cuò)誤信息。
三、英語聽力的重點(diǎn)是什么?
聽力常見場景包括:
學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、圖書館、郵局、商店、銀行、辦公室、旅社、餐館、機(jī)場、車站等。
聽力涉及職業(yè)包括:
教師、學(xué)生、圖書館館員、醫(yī)生(牙醫(yī))、營業(yè)員、服務(wù)員、修理工、打字員、家庭主婦等。
聽力人物關(guān)系包括:
教師與學(xué)生,醫(yī)生與病人,丈夫與妻子,讀者與館員,顧客與售貨員,旅客與服務(wù)員,老板與雇員,修理工與顧客等。
英語聽力20大常見場景關(guān)鍵詞匯
(1)餐館場景:
restaurant餐館;
cafeteria?自助餐廳;?
buffet 自助餐
dining hall 食堂,餐廳;?
coffee shop;cafe咖啡屋?;
snack bar?小吃街、大排擋?
go out for dinner出去吃飯
waiter/waitress 男/女服務(wù)生;
order 點(diǎn)菜?;
serve 上菜?;
menu 菜單;bill 賬單
pay the bill?付賬
tip 小費(fèi);change 零錢?
Keep the change!?不用找零錢了!?
treat?請客
This is my treat我請客!
go Dutch AA制
Help yourself.?請隨便吃
knife刀;fork叉;chopsticks筷子;
spoon勺子;plate碟子;tray 托盤;
appetizer 開胃菜;dessert甜品,水果;
soup 湯?;steak 牛排;cheese奶酪?;
sandwich 三明治;hamburger 漢堡包;
French fries 炸薯?xiàng)l;pizza 披薩;
bacon 培根?;chicken雞肉;
beef牛肉;pork豬肉
drink 喝,飲料;wine 紅酒;
coke 可口可樂;
coffee咖啡;dressing 調(diào)味醬;
pepper胡椒;ketchup 番茄醬;
delicious、yummy 可口的;rare半熟的
(2)郵局場景:
stamp郵票;
envelope 信封;
package / parcel 包裹;
parcel form包裹單;
zip code郵編;
weight重量;
overweight 超重;
postage郵費(fèi);
extra postage 額外郵資;
insurance保險(xiǎn);
send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄?/發(fā)信;
delivery投遞,傳送;
claim領(lǐng)??;
express mail 快件;
EMS特快專遞;
airmail 航空信件;
surface mail 平郵;
ordinary letter平信;
registered letter掛號(hào)信。
(3)圖書館場景:
library card借書證;
borrow借入;
lend借出;?
keep持有,保管,存放;
renew續(xù)借;
return歸還;
overdue 借書逾期;
pay a fine 交罰款;?
librarian 圖書管理員;
bookshelf書架;?
novel小說;
science fiction科幻小說;
magazine雜志;
periodical期刊;
reference book參考書;
(4)校園場景:
tuition學(xué)費(fèi);
scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金;
term/semester 學(xué)期;
seminar研討班;
presentation 課堂發(fā)言;
assignment/homework作業(yè);
register 注冊;
be absent 缺席;
final exam 期末考試;
review/ go over復(fù)習(xí);?
fail/pass不及格/通過;
cut a class逃課;?
graduate畢業(yè);?
stationery文具;
essay論文;
paper試卷;
attend a lecture 聽講座;
textbook 課本;
classroom 教師;
laboratory實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
mark/grade 成績;
course 課程;
subject 學(xué)科;
playground 操場
(5)醫(yī)院及健康場景:
doctor醫(yī)生;
dentist牙醫(yī);
physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生;
surgeon外科醫(yī)生;
nurse護(hù)士;
hospital醫(yī)院;
clinic 診所;
Health Center醫(yī)療中心;
emergency room/ department 急診室;
emergent treatment急救處理;
first aid 急救;
treatment治療手段;
check up 檢查;
physical examination體檢;
take one’s temperature / blood pressure 測量體溫/血壓;
show one’s tongue伸出舌頭;
write a prescription開處方;
give an injection打針;
visiting hours?探視時(shí)間
medicine藥;
pills / tablets藥丸/藥片;
aspirin 阿司匹林;
suffer from受…苦pain疼痛;
headache頭痛;
stomachache肚子痛;
backache背痛;
sore-throat喉嚨痛;
cough咳嗽;
fever發(fā)燒;
cold / flu 感冒/流感;【have/catch a cold患感冒】;
heart attack 心臟病;
dizzy眩暈的;
(6)電話場景:
operator?接線員?
Extension six two two six, please.請轉(zhuǎn)6226。
The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line. 電話占線。
long distance call 長途電話;
collect call 對(duì)方付費(fèi)電話;
put through 接通電話;
leave a message留口信;
dial the wrong number撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼;
call/ telephone/ ring/ phone sb.;give sb. a call/ ring給某人打電話;
(7)酒店場景:
make a reservation 預(yù)定房間;
reception desk 接待處;
reception服務(wù)臺(tái);
receptionist 服務(wù)員;
accommodation住宿;?
registration登記;
check in 入住;
check out 結(jié)帳;
Identity/ID card 身份證;
fill out a form填表;
single room 單間;
double room雙人間;
suite套間;
room number房間號(hào);
room key房間鑰匙;
room service客房服務(wù);
wake-up call叫醒電話
Do you have a reservation Sir?
先生,您預(yù)訂了嗎??
All the room are occupied.?
房間已滿。
Can I have a suite please?
有套間嗎?
How much do you charge for that??
如何收費(fèi)?
Smoking or no smoking?
吸煙或不吸煙?
Meals included.?
包括飲食。
Can I show you your room??
我可以帶你去你的房間?
Can I carry your luggage?
我可以幫你提行李嗎?
(8)交通場景:
plane飛機(jī);
ship輪船;
bus 公交車;
coach長途客車;
train火車;
subway/underground 地鐵;
railway 鐵路;
highway 公路;
sidewalk/pavement人行道;?
one-way street 單行道;?
rush hour交通高峰期;?
crowded擁擠的;?
heavy traffic擁擠的交通;?
traffic jam交通阻塞;?
traffic rules交通規(guī)則;?
traffic lights交通燈;?
driving license駕照;??
driver司機(jī);?
garage修車廠、車庫;
car accident/crash車禍;
speed超速;
run the red light闖紅燈;?
flat tire爆胎;?
scratches刮蹭;
fix/repair修理;
survive幸存by plane/air乘飛機(jī);?
by sea/land水路、陸路;?
by subway/underground 乘地鐵;
transfer換乘、轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)
May I see your license, please?
我可以看看你的駕照,好嗎?
You will be fined by $20.
你將處以20元的罰款。
(9)機(jī)場場景:
airline航空公司;
airway 航線;
flight 航班;
book/serve預(yù)定;?
behind schedule 晚點(diǎn);
cancel取消;
customs海關(guān);
security check安檢;
passport護(hù)照;
visa簽證;
departure lounge 候機(jī)室;
departure gate登機(jī)口;
check in 辦理登機(jī)手續(xù);
on board登機(jī);
boarding pass/card 登機(jī)牌;?
luggage/baggage行李;?
suitcase行李箱;
take off 起飛;
land降落;?
safe landing安全著陸;
bound for…飛往…方向去的;
departure to 前往;
destination目的地;?
departure time起飛時(shí)間;??
see sb. off為某人送行; ?
pick up接機(jī)
【在飛機(jī)上】a window seat靠窗的座位;?
an aisle seat靠走道的座位;
captain機(jī)長;
pilot飛行員;
airhostess/stewardess空姐;?
fasten the safety/safe belt系緊安全帶;?
airsick暈機(jī);
jet lag飛機(jī)時(shí)差反應(yīng);
(10)在火車站(At the railway station):
booking/ticket office售票處;
conductor售票員;
train 火車;
express train特快列車;?
carriage車廂;
dining car餐車;
waiting room 候車室;
platform 站臺(tái),月臺(tái);
one way trip/ticket 單程/單程票;
round trip/ticket往返/往返票;
a hard seat 硬座;
a soft seat軟座
(11)購物場景:
store 商店;
grocery食品店;
department store 百貨商場;
shopping center/mall 購物中心;
shop assistant店員;
counter 柜臺(tái);
receipt 收據(jù);
deliver 送貨;
refund 退款;
bargain便宜貨;
out of stock 脫銷/缺貨;
in stock 有貨;
selling season 銷售旺季;
on sale打折;?
50% off 打五折;
a 30% discount打七折;
catalogue 產(chǎn)品目錄;
Commodity information商品信息;
brand 品牌;
size尺碼;
color顏色;
style樣式;
price價(jià)格;
second-hand 二手的;
popular / fashionable 流行的;
in fashion 流行,時(shí)尚;
out of fashion 過時(shí)的;
商品論貴賤expensive, cheap;
價(jià)格論高低high, low;
pay in cash 用現(xiàn)金支付;
pay in check 用支票支付;
credit card 信用卡;
pay by installment 分期付款;
【在服裝店(In a clothing store/shop)】
trousers 褲子 clothes 衣服;
skirt裙子;
shirt襯衫;
jacket夾克;
coat上衣;
a bigger size 稍大一點(diǎn)尺寸;
what size 多大尺寸;
this style這種式樣;
fit you合你身;
try on試穿;
match 相配
(12)天氣場景:
fine 晴朗的;
sunny/bright/clear 陽光明媚的;
overcast 多云;
cloudy 陰;
humid 濕潤的;
wet 潮濕的;
rainy有雨的;
clear up 天空放晴;
freezing-cold 冰冷的;
hot炎熱的;
cool涼爽的;
warm暖和的;
mild溫和的;
windy有風(fēng)的;
calm無風(fēng)的;
breeze微風(fēng);
moderate 風(fēng)力不大;
strong/ high winds 大風(fēng);
tornado 龍卷風(fēng);
typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng);
fog霧;
snow雪;
drizzle毛毛細(xì)雨;
light rain小雨;
shower 陣雨;
storm 暴風(fēng)雨;
downpour傾盆大雨;
It rains cats and dogs.(=The rain is pouring.)
下著傾盆大雨
thunder 打雷;
blizzard大風(fēng)雪;
snowstorm暴風(fēng)雪;?
經(jīng)常和天氣相聯(lián)系的情況:
vacation(假期) 和?flight(航班)?
put away clothes 下雨收衣服;
(13)銀行場景:
business hour 營業(yè)時(shí)間;
deposit存款;
withdraw 取款;
open an account 開戶;
savings account 儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶;
check account 支票賬戶;
interest rate 利率;
cash a check兌現(xiàn)支票
(14)常見的身份與職業(yè):
part-time job 兼職工作;
full-time job 全職工作;
psychologist心理學(xué)家;
principal校長;
professor 教授;
postman 郵遞員;
driver司機(jī);
policeman 警察;
firefighter 消防員;
assistant 助手/助教;
receptionist接待員;
typist 打字員;
cashier收納;
waiter 服務(wù)員;?
passenger 乘客;
ticket seller 售票員;
conductor 售票員,列車長;
salesman銷售員;
nurse 護(hù)士;
housewife 家庭主婦;
lawyer律師;
engineer 工程師;
architect建筑師;
chef廚師;
guide 導(dǎo)游;
reporter/journalist 記者;
editor 編輯;
author作家;
pianist鋼琴家;
musician音樂家;
singer歌手;
photographer 攝影師;
artist藝術(shù)家;
designer設(shè)計(jì)師;
scientist科學(xué)家;
barber理發(fā)師;
butcher屠夫;
tailor裁縫
(15)人物關(guān)系relationship:
strangers陌生人;
neighbors鄰居;
classmates同學(xué);
colleagues/co-workers同事;
friends朋友;?
husband and wife 夫妻;
guest and receptionist客人與接待員;
doctor and patient醫(yī)生與病人;
teacher and student師生;
boss and secretary老板和秘書;
policeman and driver警察與司機(jī);
interviewer and interviewee面試官與面試者;
employer and employee 雇主與員工;
shop assistant/waiter and customer營業(yè)員與顧客;
parent?and child?父母與子女
(16)工作:
job opportunity 工作機(jī)會(huì);
interview面試;
resume簡歷;
educational background教育背景;
application letter 求職信;
recommendation 推薦信;
certificate 助手;
qualification資歷;
experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn);
position 職位;
salary 薪水;
allowance津貼;
promotion晉升;
vacation休假;
break 短暫休息;
retire 退休;
work overtime加班;
shift work 倒班工作;
ask for leave 請假;
sick leave 病假;
have a week off 休一周假;
clerk職員;
secretary秘書;
manager經(jīng)理;
HR manager人事經(jīng)理;
general manager總經(jīng)理;
client客戶
(17)興趣愛好:
hobby 興趣;
entertainment 娛樂;
go to the cinema/movies/theatre 去看電影;
comedy喜??;
tragedy悲劇;
action movie 動(dòng)作片;
cartoon 動(dòng)畫片;
documentary 紀(jì)錄片;
thriller 驚悚片;
horror film恐怖片;
detective movie偵探片;
western film西部片;
soap opera 肥皂?。?/span>
hiking 徒步旅行;
camping野營;
diving潛水;
surfing沖浪;
skiing滑雪;
seashore 海岸;
beach海灘;
sun-burnt 曬黑的;
palace宮殿;
castle城堡
(18)運(yùn)動(dòng):
competition 競賽;
sports field運(yùn)動(dòng)場;
club俱樂部;
sportsman/athlete/player運(yùn)動(dòng)員;
coach教練;
champion冠軍;
gold/silver/bronze medal金/銀/銅牌;
basketball籃球;
football美式足球;
soccer英式足球;
volleyball排球;
baseball棒球;
tennis網(wǎng)球;
table tennis乒乓球;
golf高爾夫;
jogging慢跑;
swimming游泳;
wrestling摔跤;
shooting射擊;
boxing拳擊;
weightlifting舉重;
relay race接力賽;
break the world record?打破世界紀(jì)錄
(18)觀光旅游:
vacation/holiday 假日;
historical spots/relics 古跡;
scenery 風(fēng)景;
museum博物館;
mountain山脈;
river河流;
lake 湖泊;
waterfall瀑布;
beach 沙灘;
island 島嶼;
lawn 草地;
temple寺廟;
zoo動(dòng)物園;
travel/trip/tour/voyage旅行;
travel agency 旅行社;
a guided tour 有導(dǎo)游的旅行;
go sightseeing觀光;
hotel 賓館;
souvenir 紀(jì)念品;
ticket 票
景點(diǎn)評(píng)論:
fascinating/breathtaking 激動(dòng)人心的;
thrilling 刺激的;
refreshing清爽的;
unforgettable難忘的;
terrific/ fantastic極好的;
(19)租房:
landlord 房東;
landlady女房東;
rent租/租金;
deposit押金;
contract合同;
furnished 有家具電器的;
furniture 家具;
heat暖氣;
gas煤氣;
electricity 電;
lift 電梯;
stairs 樓梯;
balcony陽臺(tái);
living room起居室;
guest room客廳;
dinning room 餐廳;
kitchen 廚房;
bathroom 浴室;
toilet 衛(wèi)生間;
basement?地下室
(20)日常生活:
housework 家務(wù);
channel頻道;
cook烹飪;
dining table飯桌;
fridge冰箱;
television電視;
oven烤箱;
cabinet 櫥柜;
dishwasher洗碗機(jī);
sheet床單;
blanket毯子;
carpet地毯;
curtain窗簾;
towel毛巾;
shampoo洗發(fā)水;
soap肥皂;
haircut理發(fā);
shaver剃須刀
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